When and why does toxicosis appear during pregnancy. When does toxicosis begin in pregnant women In what month does toxicosis appear in pregnant women

Toxicosis is a common condition of a pregnant woman. Toxicosis during pregnancy is accompanied by nausea, vomiting. This condition occurs due to the fact that the body is poisoned by toxins, harmful substances that are formed in pregnant women during the development of the fetus. Often women, having learned about their situation, begin to expect that nausea will soon begin. They listen to their body, but not everyone knows when it will begin.

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Experts note that an unpleasant condition is observed in a certain time period. Early toxicosis can begin already in the first days of delay or after the fifth or sixth week of pregnancy. Its duration is individual.

When toxicosis begins during pregnancy in the third trimester or in the middle of the second, this is considered late toxicosis. In the second trimester, it can be dangerous for the expectant mother and child.

Anxiety in the first trimester

Why poisoning of the body begins during pregnancy still makes many experts think, and this phenomenon has not been fully studied. But, nevertheless, there are some reasons that cause such a state of the body.

1. Changes in the hormonal system of a woman. From the very first moment, after fertilization has occurred in the female body, everything begins to change. The hormonal composition is changing - this affects the behavior, health, and well-being of a woman. Irritability, tearfulness, resentment may appear. The sense of smell is aggravated, which provokes toxicosis in the first trimester. In the first months of pregnancy, the female body accepts the fetus as a foreign object that needs to be disposed of. But over time, hormones stabilize, the body begins to calmly perceive the unborn child, and nausea stops.
2. Defensive reaction. When a woman refuses herself the usual things for her, products. There is a reaction to smells that previously could simply be ignored (the smell of coffee, cigarette smoke, fish, eggs, etc.). They can also be dangerous, contain pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, nausea, vomiting are symptoms of protecting the expectant mother and fetus.
3. Infections, diseases. If some diseases have not been completely cured, this can lead to a weakening of the immune system of the pregnant woman. And this, in turn, can cause toxicosis in the early stages.
4. The placenta develops. Vomiting and nausea exhausts the body at the initial stage of pregnancy until about 14 weeks. In the second trimester, it usually stops, and in the same period, the placenta completely completes its formation. Many functions to protect the body, including the retention of toxic substances, are the responsibility of the placenta. And at the time of its formation, the body independently copes with intoxication. Therefore, these processes are interconnected.
5. The age of the woman. Pregnancy that occurs after thirty years is considered dangerous. Especially if this is the first pregnancy. Toxicosis develops more than usual.
6. Multiple pregnancy. Since several embryos develop, all symptoms will be several times stronger. But for a woman who has undergone early toxicosis, the threat of miscarriage does not threaten.

Duration and symptoms of pathology

Each case during pregnancy associated with toxicosis is individual. Much depends on when it starts and when it ends. It is very difficult to name the exact period.

Nausea is the main symptom

Some experience mild signs of nausea, while others feel so bad that they have to go to the hospital. Usually, early toxicosis is observed in the first trimester and by the fourteenth week it stops. In the second trimester (under normal condition) of pregnancy, there are no signs of nausea. Resumption is possible only in the third trimester and lasts until the very birth. The duration of such an unpleasant condition may also depend on the state of health of the woman.

The most common manifestations of toxicosis are gag reflexes. The frequency of manifestation can be different, depending on the severity of toxicosis. There is an opinion that the more toxicosis manifests itself during pregnancy, there is a greater chance of giving birth to a girl, and, conversely, the less this condition worries you, then most likely expect a boy.

There are different degrees of intensity of toxicosis.

1. The first degree is the easiest - the urge to vomit can begin up to five times. Vomiting can be on an empty stomach, after eating, sometimes accompanied by unpleasant odors. Weight can remain the same or no more than three kilograms are lost, that is, approximately 5% of the total body weight. This condition is easy to get rid of at home.
2. At the second stage - gag reflexes can be up to ten times a day. At the same time, salivation increases, the woman appears lethargic, the general condition worsens, apathy may be observed. During toxicosis, a large amount of fluid leaves with vomit and saliva, dehydration occurs, and metabolism is disturbed. The skin during this period of pregnancy may become dry, pale, and constipation may occur. Weight loss can be up to six kilograms in a few weeks.
3. In the third stage - the frequency and duration can reach up to twenty-five times a day. Weight loss can reach up to ten kilograms, while the pulse will be rapid.

Further actions of the woman

Many experts do not consider mild to moderate nausea and vomiting to be a painful condition for a woman. Often there are no threats to the health of the expectant mother and baby.

But with some symptoms, you still need to consult a doctor:

• severe vomiting more than eight times a day, the danger is caused by the fact that it can lead to severe weight loss;
• with severe vomiting, less urination occurs, urine is dark in color, dizziness appears;
• severe abdominal pain, colic;
• when, after eating, she vomits, and so on for twelve hours;
• lose more than three kilograms in a few weeks.

A pregnant woman is usually offered either hospitalization or home treatment in order to get rid of severe toxicosis. When severe dehydration occurs, a dropper is installed to restore salts and water in the body.

Ways to relieve symptoms	Description of the method
Eat less in the morning	With a slight malaise, you do not need to get up immediately in the morning, lie down for a bit, then eat cookies, a handful of nuts. Nausea usually goes away.
Take Vitamin B6	It reduces the symptoms of toxicosis, is found in chicken eggs, meat (without skin). Legumes and beans are recommended. Eat small meals, but more often after about two to three hours. Don't overeat.
Foods with high energy value	So called energy pills. They help to slowly transfer energy to the body, normalize blood circulation, and satisfy appetite. These are usually cereals, rice, corn, oats, bread, cereals, etc.
Drinking regime	Doctors recommend drinking at least two liters a day. Water must be clean, without gas. Drink in small sips, it is advisable not to drink with meals. Avoid caffeine and green tea. Ginger tea helps with toxicosis, pumpkin juice, cranberry juice and prune juice.
walks	Be outdoors more often. This has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the pregnant woman, and at this time you can be distracted, chat with loved ones. Give up bad habits - alcohol, tobacco.
vitamins	Taking vitamins (after consulting with specialists) also normalizes the condition during toxicosis. Pregnant women need to maintain an internal balance, since a future child takes many useful trace elements, especially in the early stages.

More fruits and vegetables

Absence of usual symptoms

If there is no toxicosis, is this normal or not? This question often arises in women in an interesting position. After all, vomiting and nausea are almost the main signs of pregnancy. And when no similar symptoms are observed, many begin to worry. The main thing is to know that women who are healthy, do not have chronic diseases - are practically not subject to unpleasant symptoms.

In the absence of other negative symptoms, this condition is quite normal. No need to worry and be nervous in advance. When there are no signs of toxicosis during pregnancy, and you are concerned about this issue, you need to contact a specialist in order to reassure yourself.

: Borovikova Olga

gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, geneticist

Expecting a baby is an exciting and joyful time for every woman. But, as statistics show, in 75% of the fair sex, this period is overshadowed by such a pathology as toxicosis. And although in most cases it does not bring any harm to either the mother or the child, there is nothing pleasant in this state either.

Why toxicosis appears and what it depends on, no doctor can accurately answer, because, despite many years of research in the field of obstetrics, this process still leaves many questions open. One of them is the question of when toxicosis begins during pregnancy, which is of particular concern to expectant mothers who have experienced pregnancy for the first time. What is known about this topic?

To begin with, before you find out when toxicosis begins in pregnant women, it is worthwhile to indicate what is generally hidden under this concept. In the absence of medical knowledge on this topic, toxicosis appears as a general malaise in pregnant women, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

But in fact, from a medical point of view, this concept includes a much greater meaning. Toxicosis is considered a complex of pathological processes that develop in the body of a pregnant woman after conception.

Thus, the main concept of toxicosis is designated as a pathology. Indeed, often, when toxicosis begins during pregnancy, many women rejoice at this, believing that since it has appeared, it means that the pregnancy is going well.

And, on the contrary, when a pregnant woman knows how many weeks toxicosis begins during pregnancy, but does not feel any symptoms of this phenomenon, she begins to worry and worry, thinking that something is wrong with her. But, in fact, just the absence of toxicosis speaks of the ideal course of pregnancy.

After all, this is an indicator that the body easily adjusted to the changes that have arisen. Each organism is unique and you can find out how toxicosis will manifest itself only by feeling it for yourself.

In addition, there are several types of toxicosis:

• toxicosis of the first trimester, or early;
• toxicosis of the second and third trimester, or late.

And if the first option can be considered as a physiological, that is, a relatively normal process, then the second one is already a dangerous pathology. Let us consider in more detail how they differ, and at what time each type of toxicosis usually begins.

Early toxicosis

Early toxicosis is the adaptation of the body to the changes that have occurred after conception. This is the most common form of manifestation of toxicosis, which is familiar to most women who have been in an interesting position.

Sometimes the first signs of pathology begin to disturb even before the fact of successful conception was confirmed by ultrasound or a test, so it is often toxicosis that prompts the expectant mother to think about a possible pregnancy. Let's try to understand when early toxicosis begins during pregnancy?

Dates of appearance

is a pathological condition that occurs in the first months of pregnancy. To more accurately note when early toxicosis begins during pregnancy, it is worth understanding the reasons for its appearance.

The main reasons are reduced to the following processes:

1. Restructuring of the circulatory system.
2. Change in hormonal background.
3. Instability of the emotional state.
4. Formation of the placenta.

It is these drastic changes that determine from which day of pregnancy toxicosis begins. In most women, its onset falls on the 7-8th week of pregnancy, in rare cases, some symptoms can be noticed as early as 4-5 weeks.

Important: The week from which toxicosis begins during pregnancy largely depends on the individual characteristics of the body, on its immune status and general physiological state of health.

How is it manifested?

When early toxicosis of pregnant women begins, it is important to diagnose the stage of this condition in time. Since, depending on the stage of development of toxicosis, the set and strength of the manifestation of various pathological symptoms change.

And the nature of the necessary actions directly depends on this. After all, if toxicosis passes in a mild stage, then to get rid of it, it is enough just to follow a number of recommendations that the doctor gives regarding nutrition and lifestyle. If the situation is more serious, then medication or even hospital treatment may be required, under the constant supervision of doctors.

So how does each of the stages manifest itself:

1. A mild degree of toxicosis is characterized by a slight change in the well-being of a pregnant woman; symptoms such as weakness, drowsiness, and morning sickness may be noted. There may be slight weight loss. Vomiting is extremely rare, and the main indicators: pulse, blood pressure and temperature remain normal.
2. Toxicosis of moderate degree is characterized by more frequent urge to vomit, it can happen up to 10 times a day. Common symptoms include an increase in body temperature to subfebrile values, significant weight loss and dry skin. It is also possible to reduce blood pressure and increase heart rate.
3. With a severe degree of toxicosis, vomiting is debilitating, it can occur more than 20 times a day. The pressure is greatly reduced, the temperature rises. What is the price of the lack of treatment in this case? The gradual depletion of the body leads to disturbances in all organ systems, and this, in turn, can lead to death.

And although there is no exact data on which week toxicosis begins during pregnancy, you need to be extremely attentive to your condition during the entire period of expectation of the child.

Duration

Pregnant women are concerned not only with how long the toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy begins, but also with the question of when it ends. Fortunately for most women, early toxemia resolves fairly quickly, usually lasting only 4-6 weeks and disappearing on its own without any therapeutic measures.

Indeed, by this time all the main organ systems of the unborn child are already laid, as shown in the photo, and the placenta is fully functioning, which takes on the main job of ensuring the life of the baby. But in some cases, more prolonged toxicosis is recorded, which can disturb a woman for several months, and sometimes the entire pregnancy.

But such situations are rather an exception to the rule, they are observed with serious metabolic disorders and require mandatory medical supervision.

Late toxicosis

It's called gestosis. This is a rather serious pathology that occurs in the second half of pregnancy. The tendency to the manifestation of late toxicosis is observed in 10-15% of women, and in the first pregnancy the probability of its development is much higher.

Why and on what day of pregnancy the toxicosis of the last months begins is still not fully understood, there are only a number of assumptions in this regard:

• due to an unstable nervous system;
• immune system disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• violation of the blood supply to the uterus;
• abnormal metabolic changes.

Important: For the timely diagnosis of preeclampsia, it is important to regularly take all the routine tests that the medical instruction for pregnant women suggests.

When does it appear?

As you know, whoever is warned is armed, so every woman needs to know at what month of pregnancy begins late toxicosis. According to recent studies, preeclampsia begins to develop as early as 18-20 weeks, that is, even in the second trimester. But the external and noticeable symptoms of this pathology appear most often only closer to 30 weeks.

From which week of pregnancy toxicosis begins in this case, it usually depends on how the pregnancy proceeds in general and in what physiological state the expectant mother is. More details about this are described in the video in this article.

With multiple pregnancy, the risk of preeclampsia increases, in addition, in this case it manifests itself with greater force.

Symptoms

Preeclampsia at the initial stage does not manifest itself in any way, any deviations can be suspected only by the results of the tests.

As the pathology develops, the following symptoms begin to appear:

• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• increase in pressure;
• protein in the urine;
• swelling.

The complex of the last three symptoms is the main distinguishing feature of preeclampsia. The manifestation of these symptoms requires urgent treatment, because otherwise serious complications may occur, for example: damage to the nervous system, convulsions or even a stroke.

How long does it take?

For those who are faced with preeclampsia, it is more important to know not how long the toxicosis of the last months begins, but when it ends. But the answer to this question depends entirely on how seriously they approached the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The sooner preeclampsia is established, the greater the chances for its successful and rapid treatment.

Important: Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis, therefore, if any of the listed symptoms appear, self-medication is unacceptable.

Prevention of toxicosis

Regardless of the period of pregnancy, toxicosis begins, the degree of its development and the strength of manifestation largely depend on the lifestyle of the expectant mother, both before pregnancy and during it. When the first symptoms of toxicosis appear, it is worth consulting with your doctor, who will be able to give detailed recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle, based on how the pregnancy proceeds.

Usually the basis for the prevention of toxicosis is:

1. Physical exercises for pregnant women (gymnastics, water aerobics, swimming). They will improve blood flow and normalize metabolism.
2. Proper nutrition (exclusion of harmful foods, frequent meals in small portions). Reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract and minimize the risk of nausea and vomiting.
3. Compliance with the water regime (you need to drink at least 2 liters of water per day).
4. Frequent exposure to fresh air.

Regarding nutrition, there are separate recommendations that more clearly indicate what you can eat with toxicosis, and what should be completely excluded. They are clearly presented in the table:

Product Category	Allowed	Forbidden
	Whole grain bread, or bran bread, dry biscuits (crackers).	Bread from flour of the highest grade, any rich pastries.
	Vegetable soups or soups with secondary low-fat meat broth.	Rich soups in meat broth.
	Beef, veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken, steamed, baked or stewed.	Fatty pork, sausages, sausages, smoked meats, canned food.
	Low-fat boiled or baked fish: hake, cod, saffron cod.	Fatty fish, salted or smoked.
	Buckwheat, rice, millet, barley, corn, oatmeal, wheat.	Semolina, beans and peas.
	In the form of an omelet or boiled.	Fried and more 2 pcs. in a day
	Milk, kefir, fermented baked milk, varenets, low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt, cheese.	Smoked cheese, raw milk, fatty sour cream and butter.
	Any, raw or boiled.	Fried vegetables.
	Vegetable oils, vegetable caviar, vegetable and fruit salads dressed with vegetable oil or natural yogurt.	Spicy and fatty sauces, mayonnaise, horseradish, mustard, vinegar.
	Jelly, jam, marshmallow, marshmallow.	Fatty creams, chewing gums, chocolate.
	Freshly squeezed juices, jelly, fruit drink, compote, weak tea, rosehip broth.	Alcoholic drinks, strong tea and coffee, carbonated drinks.

At first glance, it may seem that there are quite a few restrictions, but in fact, sticking to such a nutrition plan is not at all difficult. After all, at what stage of pregnancy toxicosis begins depends on the diet, so you should not neglect these tips. In addition, if toxicosis has already manifested itself, then by reviewing your eating habits and menu for the day, you can significantly alleviate your condition.

While waiting for a baby, women face many dangers and experiences. To pass all these tests without unnecessary worries, you need to familiarize yourself with the information on the most common questions of pregnant women even during the planning of a child. From what month of pregnancy toxicosis begins, why and how to prevent its occurrence are one of the main ones, so they need to be given enough attention.

Almost every expectant mother, faced with systematic bouts of poor health caused by pregnancy, is interested in a question of this kind: when and how does toxicosis end. If pregnancy proceeds against the background of the absence of complications and chronic diseases, and toxicosis is the result of elementary endocrine and hormonal changes, the pathology continues to disturb the woman only during the first trimester.

As a rule, with the beginning of the twelfth - fourteenth week of pregnancy, the intensity and number of attacks of nausea and vomiting are significantly reduced, appetite appears, headaches and weakness disappear, sleep normalizes. By the middle of the second trimester, a woman feels a surge of energy and strength, her state of health improves many times over, weight gain is active.

However, in the event that toxicosis is a consequence of chronic or acute diseases, as well as in a number of situations when pathology occurs in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the manifestation of characteristic symptoms up to delivery is not excluded. In order to avoid the development of serious complications and threats to the health of the mother and fetus, a woman is recommended to undergo regular medical examinations and follow the instructions of the attending physician.

Despite the fact that no specialist can give an exact answer to the question of how long toxicosis can last in one case or another, it should be remembered that this condition completely disappears after childbirth. Of course, for expectant mothers who are tormented by severe bouts of nausea and vomiting, this argument is little consolation.

Nevertheless, taking some measures, for example, correcting the daily routine and nutrition, giving up bad habits, long walks, will help reduce the intensity of toxicosis attacks and somewhat improve the woman's overall well-being.

30.11.2016

What is toxicosis is of interest to many women who plan to have a child in the future. Toxicosis during pregnancy may also have a second name - early gestosis. This is a condition in which the body begins to react to the ingress of a fetal egg into it.

Many girls, who so far only suspect an ongoing pregnancy, often wonder how long toxicosis begins. But it is worth noting that this phenomenon is individual for each woman and can begin at an absolutely unexpected moment. And there are girls who have no toxicosis during pregnancy at all, such ladies can be considered lucky.

When does toxicosis begin and how long does it take during pregnancy?

• As mentioned above, the body of each woman is individual. For some, toxicosis can begin immediately after the delay of critical days, while others get to know him only at the fifth or sixth week of pregnancy. Before the delay of menstruation, toxicosis occurs, but only in very rare cases.
• When does toxicosis in pregnant women pass? If early preeclampsia is still present, then it passes until the fourteenth week of the gestation period. Usually, its manifestations are not observed for a longer time.

Signs of toxicosis in a pregnant woman

Early preeclampsia is explained by the release of the waste products of the embryo itself into the mother's body, which are subsequently absorbed into the blood. Therefore, in the event of toxicosis, we can say that the embryo has entered the uterine cavity, which is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Decreased blood pressure (vascular response);
2. There is nausea, aversion to certain odors, vomiting (a disorder of the body from the gastrointestinal tract);
3. A pregnant woman is accompanied by nervousness, weakness, malaise and sleep disturbance (impaired functioning of the nervous system).

The most dangerous and difficult are nausea and vomiting. If the nausea is mild, then it is possible to take a drug such as metoclopramide or cerucal. And in more severe conditions, when severe vomiting begins, the woman will have to agree to hospitalization, where intensive treatment will be carried out.

If vomiting becomes too frequent and treatment does not help, then it is possible that a medical termination of pregnancy will be ordered. That is why severe and frequent vomiting threatens the body with loss of vitamins, electrolytes, minerals and general dehydration.

How to prevent toxicosis during pregnancy?

• If a woman does not have toxicosis during pregnancy, then this is considered quite normal. When early preeclampsia is still present, this indicates that the body is heavily filled with toxins. Not only the future mother suffers from this, but also the fetus developing in her. Toxicosis in the first trimester primarily develops due to malnutrition, frequent stress and overwork, an unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking or alcohol abuse.
• Also, the hereditary factor plays a significant role in the manifestations of early gestosis. If the mother had toxicosis in the first trimester, then her daughter in a third of four cases will also have it.
• If a woman truly wants to have her own child, then she will have to change her life, although it will be quite difficult. You should adjust your daily diet, quit smoking and not drinking alcohol, avoid stress and tense situations, and most importantly, sleep at least eight hours a day.
• As for nutrition, the menu should include vegetables and fruits, be sure to have proteins obtained from lean fish or meat. Non-natural products that contain preservatives. dyes and flavors from the menu must be removed for the entire period of pregnancy. Sweet carbonated drinks, juices in tetra packs and coffee should also be avoided. Give preference to water and tea, preferably green.

Update: November 2018

Toxicosis during early pregnancy causes a lot of problems for the expectant mother, disrupts her usual lifestyle and sleep, and in severe cases requires inpatient treatment. Early toxicosis during pregnancy is a fairly common phenomenon and is observed in 50 - 60% of expectant mothers, which is why many refer to the phenomena of early toxicosis as the first signs of pregnancy. In reality, pregnancy without toxicosis is absolutely normal, because pregnancy is not a disease and therefore it should not worsen a woman's condition.

Early toxicosis: define the concept

Early toxicosis refers to gestational complications, that is, due to the emergence and development of a new life in a woman's body. Early toxicoses are based on pathological conditions that reflect the negative impact of pregnancy on a woman's body. Toxicosis develops due to a violation of the adaptive processes of the female body to bear the fetus. This complication is manifested by numerous neuroendocrine disorders (disorders of the autonomic nervous system and brain, endocrine system and circulatory system, metabolic processes and immunological failures).

Classification of toxicosis

Toxicosis of pregnant women is also called gestosis and is divided into early and late. For convenience, the disorders that developed in the first half of pregnancy are called early toxicosis, and the occurrence of this complication after 20 weeks is called preeclampsia (late toxicosis).

Early toxicosis include:

• vomiting of pregnant women (mild or moderate);
• excessive (indomitable) vomiting of pregnant women;
• ptyalism or hypersalivation (drooling).

Gestoses include:

• dropsy (massive swelling);
• nephropathy of mild, moderate and severe degree;
• preeclampsia;
• eclampsia.

There are still rare forms of toxicosis that can occur at any gestational age, but, as a rule, develop in the first trimester:

• dermatoses or pruritus;
• jaundice or acute yellow liver atrophy;
• osteomalacia (softening of the bones);
• tetany (cramps of limbs, face);
• bronchial asthma.

Terms of occurrence

The timing of the development of toxicosis during pregnancy is different and falls on the first half of it, that is, up to 20 weeks. It is difficult to answer definitely when toxicosis begins, since its occurrence may be due to various additional factors. In a small number of women, signs of this condition appear even before the delay of menstruation, that is, about 2 weeks after unprotected intercourse, when the fertilized egg is attached to the wall of the uterus and begins to actively secrete hormones. But, as a rule, the symptoms of toxicosis begin to appear from 5 to 6 weeks of gestation.

How long does toxemia last during pregnancy? And there is no definite answer to this question. The duration of toxicosis depends on the number of fruits, the time of its appearance, concomitant diseases and other factors. Usually, the signs of complications gradually disappear by the end of the first trimester, that is, by 12-13 weeks. If there is a multiple pregnancy, then the effects of toxicosis are more pronounced and disappear by 15-16 weeks. The condition of a woman who does not have toxicosis is not considered a deviation from the normal course of pregnancy. Rather, it indicates her physical health and balance. Only the fact that the pregnancy proceeded, for example, with very strong toxicosis, which suddenly stopped, should alert. In such cases, a frozen pregnancy should be excluded when the fetus has stopped developing, but the miscarriage did not occur.

The reasons

The causes of toxicosis during pregnancy come down to one thing - the presence of a fetal egg in the uterine cavity, which grows and develops. To date, there are many theories that try to explain the mechanism of the ongoing disorders in the mother's body with early toxicosis:

• Neuroreflex theory

According to this theory, the occurrence of early toxicosis is due to a growing fetal egg, which irritates endometrial receptors, which leads to an increase in the excitability of subcortical formations. In these subcortical structures are the vomiting center and the center of smell, as well as areas that are responsible for the regulation of the digestive tract, blood circulation and respiration, and other body functions. As a result of irritation of the receptors of the uterine mucosa, vegetative reactions occur in the form of nausea and vomiting, tachycardia and salivation due to vasospasm. But by the end of the 1st trimester, the mother's body adapts to these irritations and the symptoms of toxicosis disappear.

• Hormonal theory

Proponents of this theory explain the appearance of toxicosis by hormonal changes, in particular, an increase in the secretion of chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates the growth and strengthening of chorionic villi, their penetration into the uterine wall and tissue decay in the placenta on the maternal side. By 12-13 weeks, the concentration of hCG in the blood begins to decrease and the symptoms of toxicosis subside.

• Psychogenic theory

It has been noticed that early toxicosis develops much more often in emotional and impressionable women, whom the very fact of the onset of pregnancy plunges into an abyss of emotions.

• immunological theory

This theory is based on the foreignness of the fetal egg for the mother's body. As a result, the pregnant woman's body begins to produce antibodies against the embryo, which provoke the appearance of toxicosis.

• Toxic theory

This theory has existed for a long time and explains the signs of toxicosis (nausea and vomiting) by poisoning the mother's body with harmful substances, the production of which is produced by the fetus or placenta, or during metabolic disorders.

All existing theories have the right to exist and complement each other.

Predisposing factors

Why do half of the women have early toxicosis, while the other half is free from this unpleasant condition? A number of certain factors increase the risk of development and severe course of early toxicosis:

• chronic somatic diseases (kidney pathology, hypertension, gastritis, peptic ulcer, colitis, obesity, CNS pathology, cardiovascular diseases);
• overwork and prolonged or constant stress;
• poor nutrition, starvation;
• bad habits;
• asthenic physique of a woman;
• social disadvantage;
• chronic inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;
• history of abortion;
• age (under 17 and over 35);
• disturbed swallowing reflex and antiperistalsis of the esophagus in history;
• increased activity of the vomiting center;
• unwanted pregnancy or too desired (for example, after long-term fertility treatment).

Clinical manifestations

The onset of toxicosis, as already mentioned, coincides with the moment when a woman finds out about pregnancy, that is, approximately 5 to 6 weeks. The expectant mother experiences weakness, drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night, she is irritable and depressed. She also suffers from drooling and nausea, vomiting, and olfactory quirks. The appetite of a pregnant woman is reduced or absent, weight loss is also possible up to serious losses.

Early toxicosis cannot be classified by weeks of pregnancy, it is either there or not. The only thing that can be noted is that with an increase in the gestation period, the signs of complications appear more pronounced, but by the end of the 1st trimester they gradually disappear. The most common sign of complications is vomiting. It occurs no more than 3 times a day, often in the morning, on an empty stomach, but does not lead to a violation of the general condition of the pregnant woman.

Vomit

If there is vomiting, which happens more than three times a day and is not associated with food intake, plus there is a decreased appetite, changes in taste and smell sensations, lethargy and weight loss, they indicate early toxicosis. Vomiting of pregnant women is classified according to severity:

• Light degree

The frequency of vomiting attacks reaches 5 per day, the woman loses weight from 1 to 3 kg per week, but the general condition does not suffer. Apathy and decreased work capacity are possible. Some shift in hemodynamics is noted: slight tachycardia (up to 90 per minute) and hypotension (110/60). Stool and diuresis do not suffer, general blood and urine tests are normal.

• Average degree

With an increase in vomiting attacks up to 10 times a day, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the general condition, a metabolic disorder up to the development of ketoacidosis, they speak of moderate severity. Against the background of vomiting, salivation is often present, which exacerbates the loss of fluid and nutrients. The weight loss of a pregnant woman in a week is from 3 to 5 kg, exhaustion is possible. The expectant mother is experiencing significant weakness, apathetic. The skin is pale, the tongue is lined and dry. It is possible to increase the temperature to 37.5 degrees. The heartbeat increases to 90 - 100 per minute, blood pressure decreases (100/60). There may be a decrease in hemoglobin in the KLA (anemia), and a study of the acid-base composition of the blood confirms acidosis. Diuresis is reduced to 800 - 700 ml per day, some pregnant women have constipation.

• Severe degree

Severe or excessive vomiting is accompanied by the development of severe multiple organ disorders. The frequency of vomiting reaches 20 times a day, there is profuse salivation, constant nausea. The condition of the pregnant woman is severe, food and liquid do not stay in the stomach, sleep is disturbed. The woman complains of headaches and muscle pain, dizziness. There is adynamia, the pregnant woman quickly loses weight, up to 3 kg per week. The subcutaneous fat layer becomes thinner, the skin is flabby and dry, the tongue is dry, lined, the smell of acetone is felt from the mouth. There is an increase in temperature up to 38 degrees. Tachycardia and hypotension are significant (below 90/60 and above 110 beats per minute). Diuresis is reduced and is less than 700 ml per day.

In the biochemical analysis of blood, residual nitrogen, urea and bilirubin increase. In KLA and leukocytes. Albumins, cholesterol, potassium and chlorides are also reduced. OAM contains protein and casts, urobilin and bile pigments, erythrocytes and leukocytes. Significant ketonuria (reaction to acetone).

Ptyalism

In second place among the signs of early toxicosis is salivation, which can be either an independent form of complication or accompany vomiting. With intense salivation, a pregnant woman loses more than one and a half liters of saliva, which is accompanied by severe dehydration, a decrease in proteins and mineral salts, and psychological discomfort.

Dermatosis

It is rare and, as a rule, manifests itself as diffuse or local (in the region of the vulva) skin itching. Intense itching disturbs sleep, causes depression and irritability. Differential diagnosis is carried out with thrush, allergic reactions and diabetes mellitus.

Bronchial asthma

Cases of the development of bronchial asthma in pregnant women as one of the forms of toxicosis are quite rare. The course of the disease is severe. Manifested by attacks of suffocation and dry cough. Differentiate from ordinary bronchial asthma, which took place before conception.

Osteomalacia and tetany

These complications develop due to a violation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in a woman's body. With osteomalacia, the bone tissue loosens, which is fraught with bone fracture. With tetany, muscle cramps are noted: spasm of the muscles of the arm ("obstetrician's hand") and spasm of the muscles of the leg ("ballerina's leg"), with spasm of the facial muscles - "fish mouth".

The relationship between toxicosis and the number of pregnancies

Most women believe that if there was a first toxicosis, that is, during the first pregnancy, it will definitely occur in the next period of gestation. Actually this is a delusion. All pregnancies (meaning the same woman) proceed differently, which depends on many factors (the age of the expectant mother, the number of embryos, past illnesses, chronic pathology, living conditions, etc.). For example, in the first pregnancy, which proceeded without complications and ended in spontaneous childbirth, this complication was not. But this does not mean that there will also be no toxicosis during the second pregnancy.

Are toxicosis and the sex of the child related?

Future mothers are superstitious people and firmly believe in all the signs associated with the period of gestation. Many believe that early toxicosis necessarily occurs during pregnancy with a girl, although this statement has not been scientifically confirmed. Guessing who will be born, a boy or a girl, is certainly interesting, but relying on the shape of the abdomen, the severity of certain signs of pregnancy, the intensity of toxicosis is a futile exercise. To date, it is possible to determine the sex of the unborn baby only by ultrasound, but this method does not provide a 100% guarantee. The doctor may mistakenly take the loops of the umbilical cord in the perineal region of the fetus for the scrotum and say that the pregnancy is a boy, or, conversely, not see the testicles in the male fetus, as he “hid” them (located in an uncomfortable position for examination).

It becomes clear that neither the likelihood of this complication nor the intensity of symptoms depend on the sex of the child. The severity of toxicosis rather depends not on the sex of the embryo, but on their number.

Treatment

I was tormented by toxicosis, how to deal with it? A similar question is often heard by gynecologists of antenatal clinics, in addition, expectant mothers ask relatives and friends. Of course, constant nausea and vomiting is not a pleasure, but following simple recommendations will help alleviate toxicosis:

• dieting;
• taking multivitamin complexes;
• creating a calm environment, taking light sedatives (infusion of valerian and motherwort);
• walks in forest park areas, frequent trips out of town;
• frequent airing of the room, especially before going to bed;
• full sleep (at least 8 hours a day);
• physiotherapy;
• aromatherapy;
• observance of the regime of the day with obligatory daytime rest;
• giving up bad habits, including being in smoky places.

Diet

Compliance with certain rules in the diet of a pregnant woman with this complication will help get rid of or at least reduce nausea and vomiting:

• food temperature

Do not take too hot (more than 60 degrees) or cold (less than 15 degrees) food. Food should be at room temperature or slightly warm. Hot or cold food not only disrupts digestion, but also irritates the stomach lining and provokes nausea and vomiting.

• Diet

Eating with toxicosis should be fractional, the frequency of meals should be up to 5-6 times a day and in small portions. Such a diet allows better absorption of nutrients, does not increase the load on the digestive tract, helps to normalize the stool and alleviates the symptoms of this complication (unpleasant sensations increase on an empty stomach). It is important to observe the time of the last meal, no more than two hours before bedtime.

• Culinary processing

It is recommended to give preference to boiled, baked or steamed food. Quenching is allowed. Fried foods should be excluded, as they not only inhibit the process of digestion and absorption of food, but also increase the load on the liver and stomach, thereby provoking bouts of vomiting. All foods in dishes should be pureed or finely ground, which contributes to their better absorption.

• Drinking regime

Free fluid intake is not 2 liters per day. Preference should be given to mineral alkaline waters without gas, herbal teas and decoctions, ordinary boiled water. It is worth giving up tea, coffee and cocoa, as well as sugary carbonated drinks. You should not consume liquid 30 minutes before meals, during meals and 1.5 hours after. A good remedy for toxicosis is green tea and infusions of chamomile, mint or sage.

• Refusal of semi-finished products, spicy foods and smoked meats

All preservatives, dyes and stabilizers contained in semi-finished products are chemicals that disrupt digestion and exacerbate the effects of toxicosis. It is worth refusing to take fatty and spicy dishes, smoked meats, sausages, canned food and fast food.

• Little fasting

Even if thoughts about food provoke nausea and vomiting, it is useful to starve for 3-4 days and not take medication.

• There is only what you want

Do not suppress your desires by forcing yourself to eat. If you do not want this or that dish, then you do not need it. You can pamper yourself and eat what you want at the moment - there is a high probability that the food will be digested.

• Thorough chewing of food

Slow and thorough chewing will not only make you feel full with less food, but it will also help you absorb nutrients better and suppress nausea and food aversion.

• "Dry Diet"

With moderate vomiting, when food is only partially digested, it is useful to switch to the so-called dry diet, that is, to give up soups and semi-liquid cereals. They can be replaced with boiled potatoes and eggs, bread (preferably dried or yesterday's) with butter or pate (fish, meat). It is advisable to take food in a reclining position.

• First breakfast

Take care of the first breakfast should be in advance. In the evening, you need to put dry biscuits, a banana or a handful of dried fruits on the bedside table. Immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed, you should have a snack. This is especially useful for those women who are overcome by nausea in the morning.

With salivation, rinsing the mouth with a decoction of oak bark, infusion of chamomile, mint or sage is effective. Chewing mints and hard candies will also help reduce salivation and nausea. A future mother suffering from constant nausea and vomiting will be helped out by an “ambulance kit”, which is not difficult to always carry in her purse. It can be a bag of crackers, crackers or nuts, the same dried fruits (dried apricots and prunes) and a bottle with a slightly acidified drink (low-brewed tea with a slice of lemon, water with a little lemon juice and honey, diluted cranberry juice). Sour drinking undoubtedly increases salivation, but effectively suppresses nausea.

Particular attention should be paid to fresh fruits and vegetables. With moderate vomiting, fruits are best consumed baked. Vegetable fiber is necessary for the normal functioning of the intestines, regular stools, in addition, fresh fruits (cranberries, kiwi, currants, cherries, lingonberries, pomegranates - that is, berries and fruits “with sourness”) and vegetables contain a large amount of vitamins.

Physiotherapy and non-traditional methods

From physiotherapeutic procedures, endonasal electrophoresis with B vitamins, electrosleep and brain galvanization are used. Such procedures suppress the activity of the vomiting center in the brain.

Of the non-traditional methods, acupuncture, aromatherapy (inhalation of citrus oils, peppermint and sea buckthorn oils) and homeopathic remedies are used, but only after consulting a doctor.

Hospitalization

Pregnant women with moderate and indomitable vomiting are subject to hospitalization. Expectant mothers with severe vomiting are in the intensive care unit. In the hospital, intensive infusion therapy is prescribed to restore the volume of circulating blood (eliminate dehydration), detoxification and parenteral nutrition. Crystalloids (Ringer's and glucose solutions, trisol, disol) and fat emulsions with amino acids are prescribed. Also shown is the introduction of vitamins (riboflavin and thiamine, ascorbic acid) and actovegin.

Therapeutic and protective regime and the exclusion of negative emotions in the hospital allows you to normalize the work of the central nervous system. In order to block the gag reflex, the following are prescribed:

• atropine;
• neuroleptics (droperidol, haloperidol);
• diphenhydramine and pipolfen (due to a pronounced sedative effect);
• hofitol, essentiale (improve liver function);
• splenin (normalizes nitrogen metabolism);
• tablets for toxicosis: polyphepan and activated charcoal (adsorb toxins from the intestines);
• metoclopromide (cerucal) is prescribed only in extreme cases, as it is contraindicated in the 1st trimester (it can provoke spontaneous abortion).

Question answer

How to get rid of toxicosis, in particular, constant nausea?

If only nausea, without vomiting, bothers you, you should not resort to drugs. It is worth following the general recommendations (diet, frequent walks, good sleep).

I vomit even while brushing my teeth. What to do?

You need to change your toothpaste. If vomiting continues to bother, for a while, abandon this procedure, we will replace rinsing the mouth with infusions of medicinal herbs or tooth balms and elixirs.

I constantly want pickles or tomatoes. Isn't it harmful?

If you want salty, then the body does not have enough sodium. If pickles or tomatoes do not provoke nausea and vomiting, then they are not prohibited, but, of course, within reason.

I am already 23 weeks old, but I still have nausea and vomiting, as in the early stages. What to do?

It is necessary to undergo an examination by a gastroenterologist and a neurologist, who will rule out diseases of the digestive tract and disorders of the nervous system. If the pathology is not detected, you should reconsider your diet.

Toxicosis during pregnancy is a condition rather common than unique. Most women at different stages of bearing a baby suffer from this ailment. Morning sickness and a tendency to salty foods are so common that among the people they have long been the first signs that speak of an interesting position for a woman. And the lack of toxicosis often becomes a cause for concern for expectant mothers. About the reasons for which this condition develops, how quickly it passes, how to escape from it and whether it can be avoided in principle, and will be discussed in this article.

Toxicosis and its signs

When toxicosis begins during pregnancy, it is difficult not to notice it. The main symptom is nausea. It may be more or less pronounced, accompanied or not accompanied by vomiting. Secondary features include:

• increased salivation;
• fast fatiguability;
• weakness;
• change in taste preferences;
• unusual reaction to odors;
• dizziness;
• heartburn;
• vomit;
• drowsiness;
• tearfulness;
• irritability.

Secondary signs may be present all together, separately, or absent altogether. However, almost every woman noted different changes in her condition during pregnancy from the very first weeks.

Nausea, which is characteristic of the initial stages of pregnancy, can manifest itself in influxes or be a constant condition, it can only bother you in the morning or, conversely, in the evening before bedtime, or it can simply be a reaction to some specific foods. Some pregnant women note that they have a reaction simply to pungent odors, while others even become unpleasant water.

What is toxicosis

Mostly the condition under consideration is morning and evening. Morning usually occurs on an empty stomach and passes after a meal. Sometimes breakfast does not help, but only increases the attack of nausea, but closer to dinner this condition disappears. This is due to the highest concentration of the hCG hormone in the body in the morning.

Evening toxicosis occurs as a reaction to external stimuli and fatigue and stress accumulated during the day.

Varieties of the disease according to the general condition:

1. Easy degree. It is characterized by mild malaise and nausea, which occurs mainly as a reaction to certain smells and foods. Vomiting occurs no more than 5 times a day or may be completely absent. Analyzes are normal. Usually passes by the end of the first trimester.
2. Medium severity. Here, nausea can accompany a woman all day. Also, many note dizziness, low blood pressure, rapid pulse, and vomiting reaches up to 10 times a day. As a consequence of this condition - insignificant, dehydration is possible. If you take the tests, you can see small deviations in them. Call your doctor if you are concerned about these symptoms.
3. Heavy. Constant severe nausea, vomiting more than 15 times a day, poor tests, dizziness, complete lack of appetite, pressure problems. Significant weight loss and a real threat to the body of the mother and child. It is necessary to be treated only in a hospital, usually with the help of droppers and a special diet.

Fortunately, the severe form of toxicosis is quite rare. This is due to the fact that such a state does not occur instantly, and it is usually possible to avoid it even at the stage of development.

When does toxicity occur?

Many expectant mothers, having learned about their situation, immediately ask themselves the question: when does toxicosis begin during pregnancy? In fact, there is no universal answer, since the body of each woman is unique. Most often, this condition begins at a period of 5-8 weeks, that is, approximately by the middle of the second month. But other variations are also possible. Someone says that they felt the first nausea even before the test gave a positive result, that is, almost immediately after fertilization. Someone toxicosis overtakes in the second, and even in the third trimester. Some people don't have nausea at all.

Before the implantation of the fetal egg occurs, toxicosis cannot manifest itself. It is after the attachment of the fetal egg to the endometrium that the body receives a signal about the onset of pregnancy. Most often, a woman notes the first symptoms about a couple of weeks after a missed period. It was then that the hormones progesterone and hCG actively grow, which can provoke the onset of a feeling of nausea.

Do not forget that any body is unique, and the reaction to the ongoing changes in different women can be very different. In fact, many factors affect when toxicosis begins during pregnancy. For example, its early variation is typical for multiple pregnancy.


Late toxicosis may begin closer to the middle of the third trimester. It is called preeclampsia and is considered a rather dangerous condition. In addition to nausea, preeclampsia is characterized by such signs as high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling. This is dangerous for the mother and child, and for treatment, the future woman in labor is usually taken to the hospital in order to stabilize the condition. The most common causes of gestosis are:

• age from 35 years;
• bad habits;
• poor condition of the body as a whole;
• severe stress;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• an organism that has not been restored after a previous birth.

There are cases when toxicosis does not occur at all, or attacks are so rare that they do not pay attention to it. Some women worry that this is a bad sign and something is wrong with the pregnancy. However, the absence of nausea, as well as moderate nausea, does not threaten anything.

Reasons for the appearance

Until now, no one can say with certainty when toxicosis begins during pregnancy, what determines the strength of its manifestation and duration. There is an opinion that heredity has a great influence, and if the mother had similar problems, then her daughter will also have it in her pregnancy. But this is contradicted by the fact that in the same woman in different pregnancies the situation may look radically opposite.

The only thing that can be said with certainty is that toxicosis does not depend on the sex of the child, and its early variation confirms this.

Sexual characteristics in the embryo begin to develop at 8 weeks, while early toxicosis manifests itself a few weeks before. There was a version that nausea begins due to the presence of toxins in the body, which are thus brought out. However, this version was also refuted.

The main reasons are usually attributed to hormonal changes that occur immediately after conception. The body is under stress, and the fetus is considered something foreign to it. It is for the purpose that the body accepts and does not reject it, immunity decreases, and the woman becomes more susceptible to all sorts of irritants.

But there are several factors that can affect the appearance of toxicosis:

1. Multiple pregnancy. In this case, the hormonal surge and changes in the body are twice as strong as during a normal pregnancy. Hence, there are more chances to get such a “reaction” in response.
2. Age. The older the woman during pregnancy, the higher the chance of getting the ailment in question, because the endocrine and reproductive systems of the body can no longer function at full capacity. It is after 35 years that there is a high risk of encountering preeclampsia.
3. Tendency to neuroses and migraines.
4. Chronic diseases, especially the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Infectious diseases and operations within six months before conception.

But these are only factors that can affect the presence of toxicosis in your pregnancy, and do not mean at all that it will definitely be.

Ways to deal with toxicosis

If this ailment is a significant concern, you may be offered to go to a day hospital or even admitted to a hospital. In this case, the decision on how to alleviate the condition of the mother and the unborn baby should be made by the doctor.

Toxicosis of mild severity does not require any special treatment. It is enough to follow simple rules, not to overwork and have a good rest, as well as eat right, and this condition will pass by itself.

Very popular among pregnant women are infusions of various herbs: mint, sage, chamomile and many others. But do not brew them thoughtlessly: be sure to consult with the gynecologist leading your pregnancy, as some plants can provoke uterine tone.

Try to eat every 2 hours in small portions so as not to burden the stomach. Refuse fatty, too salty, peppery, fried. It is better to give preference to simple easily digestible food, preferably freshly prepared. Steamed vegetables and meat, fruits, dairy products - make sure that the body gets everything. Don't forget to have snacks. It can be nuts, dried fruits, crackers.

And, most importantly, remember that morning sickness is a temporary phenomenon that will soon pass, and you have happy months of pregnancy and long-awaited motherhood ahead of you.