4 11 16 what a holiday. Holidays and events in November
November 4, starting in 2005, a holiday appeared in our calendars, called - National Unity Day. This day was dedicated to the events of 1612, when Moscow was delivered from the enemy troops of the Poles by Russian troops led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky. At that time, Russia was in a difficult situation, this period in history from 1584 to 1613 was called the Time of Troubles.
Initially, during the Soviet era, November 7 was the day of the October Revolution. However, after the collapse of the Union, the people out of habit continued to celebrate this event for another 14 years. But further, until 2004, the date was marked as the day of consent and reconciliation. Then, in December 2004, the State Duma of the Russian Federation amended the federal law "On Military Glory". One of these amendments was the replacement of the name with a new one - National Unity Day. And so that this event would not remind of the October Revolution of 1917, it was decided to move it from November 7 to November 4 and make it a day off in Russia.
After the renaming in 2005, the citizens of Russia celebrated the new holiday for the first time.
Public opinion
There are many conflicting opinions about the renaming and transfer of the holiday.
The people believed that the new holiday would not take root, but this date became official holiday in Russia and has been celebrated for 11 years.
Regarding the introduction of a new holiday date, sociological surveys were conducted in different years, which showed attitude of citizens to innovations.
The results of sociological surveys in different years:
Religious holiday
The Orthodox holiday was also timed to the day of November 4 in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, which appeared in the 17th century in the Time of Troubles and is still celebrated by Orthodox believers. This church date was established as a gratitude for the deliverance of the whole country from the invasion of the Poles.
Patriarch Hermogenes in 1612 asked the Orthodox people to pray for liberation and stand with all their might to protect the Russian land from the invaders. From Kazan, the patriarch sent a miraculous image of the Ever-Virgin Mary to the militia led by Dmitry Pozharsky. All people with faith turned to the image of the Ever-Virgin Mary with a request to defeat the enemy invaders, and she heard their prayers and requests for help.
In August 1612, the first detachment of militia went to Moscow and defeated the enemy troops of Hetman Khodkevich. On October 22 of the same year, the second detachment of militia went on the attack and captured Kitay-gorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, entering Kitay-Gorod with a detachment, carried the sent icon in his arms. Since then, there has been an opinion that Mother of God saved the country from enemies, and the fourth day of November became the day when they celebrate the Orthodox holiday dedicated to this saving icon. In honor of this significant event in 1630, a cathedral of the same name.
Holiday dedicated to the saving icon, raised in 1649 to the rank of state by order of the king, and they began to celebrate it twice in the summer season and in the fall on November 4th. Kazan Cathedral during the time of church persecution was destroyed by decree of the USSR authorities. Since then, the tradition of celebrating the holiday date has been broken. Currently Orthodox Cathedral completely restored.
Good afternoon, dear readers. Today I want to congratulate everyone on the holiday, today is the day of national unity of Russia. Before, I didn’t quite understand what kind of holiday it was, why it was needed, well, they give a day off, and that’s okay.
But working in culture (and apparently growing up), I began to look at the holidays differently. Or rather, studying in more depth the very essence of the Russian people, I am more and more proud that I live in Russia and that I am Russian. Let's see why National Unity Day is celebrated on November 4 and why it is so important.
The holiday, as uniting all the peoples of Russia, was established in December 2004, and was first celebrated in 2005. But the history of the formation of this holiday begins many centuries ago. Briefly define what and how.
At the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, a period called the Time of Troubles passed in Russia. It was a very difficult period for the state, especially for the people. Moscow was conquered by the Polish interventionists and, in fact, a little more time and our Russia would not have become ours at all.
Then the period of the rule of the Rurik dynasty was completed. And Poles could take the throne. No, our Russian spirit was and is very strong, the common people cared where and how to live. It was undertaken to collect the people's militia. He was collected, but the internal strife in the militia scattered him.
Then a second attempt was made. In September 1611, in Nizhny Novgorod, Zemsky headman Kuzma Minin appealed to people to raise funds and create a militia to liberate the country. The population of the city was subject to a special tax for the organization of the militia. At the suggestion of Minin, the Novgorod prince Dmitry Pozharsky was invited to the post of chief governor.
Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky Not everything was smooth there, but the desire of the people to be free, to live on their own land was stronger than ever. The militia was collected not only in Nizhny Novgorod, but also in many other cities. People of different classes and nationalities gathered. And in those days, an unprecedented army gathered.
The tasks of the militia included not only the liberation of Moscow, but also the formation of a new government. And in 1612, a huge army marched from Nizhny Novgorod to Yaroslavl, where a provisional government was created: the "Council of the Whole Earth." And later, with a list of the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, revealed in 1579, the Nizhny Novgorod Zemstvo militia managed on November 4, 1612 to storm Kitay-Gorod and drive the Poles out of Moscow.
This victory served as a powerful impetus for the revival of the Russian state. So the first Romanovs came to the throne. And the icon became a subject of special veneration.
Miraculous icon.
Icon of the Kazan Mother of GodPrince Pozharsky believed so strongly that the icon of the Kazan Mother of God helped in the victory that he built the Kazan Cathedral on the edge of Red Square at his own expense.
In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the obligatory celebration of November 4 was established as a day of gratitude to the Most Holy Theotokos for her help in liberating Russia from the Poles. The holiday was celebrated in Russia until the Revolution of 1917.
This day entered the church calendar as the Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612.
Thus, National Unity Day is essentially not a new holiday at all, but a return to an old tradition.
The essence of this holiday.
This holiday symbolizes not victory, but the rallying of the people, thanks to which a great victory took place. National Unity Day is very important for our country. We must remember and understand that only together can we overcome difficulties.
About 195 peoples and nationalities with various religious movements live on our territory. But we are still Russians, we are one country. And even when many scold the youth, saying that we are so careless and so on, I still have no doubt that when the time comes, we will unite and overcome difficulties shoulder to shoulder.
Such is our Russian spirit. We must remember not only important dates, but also the very essence, that by uniting, uniting, we can overcome anything.
Take for example the Great Patriotic War. Hitler could not understand why he could not defeat Russia. After all, it was so easy for him to conquer corrupted Europe. And this is our unity, our spirit. We do not spare ourselves, because we know why we give our lives. For the sake of the future of their children, the future of their state.
To be honest, I do not know of clear examples of such unity in other states and peoples. I am proud to live in such a diverse country, rich in culture and Russian spirit. Once I asked my classmate, who are you by nationality, he smiled and said, they say I am Russian, although Tatars, but Russian Tatars. A foreigner would have burst his brain from such an answer.
National Unity Day is an occasion for all citizens of the country to realize and feel like a single people.
How it is celebrated.
For the first time, in new Russia, this holiday was celebrated in 2005, with special attention in Nizhny Novgorod. A monument to Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky was unveiled there.
In general, the most magnificent celebrations are held in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod. In other cities, festivities are held just as colorfully and brightly. Processions, folk festivals, fairs, concerts and so on are held.
Everyone walks and has fun, but the main focus is the patriotic focus of the festival. All parks, open areas, concert halls are filled with a large number of people. They are all different nationalities, but they are all one. We are united not only in the face of danger, but always. We all need to understand this and educate the younger generation correctly.
All with a great holiday - Happy National Unity Day!
November 4 - Day of military glory of Russia. National Unity Day.
November 4 events that took place in the world, in different years
On November 4, Russia celebrates one of the youngest public holidays - National Unity Day. It has been celebrated on November 4 since 2005. The last holiday (non-working) day of the year in Russia. Sometimes called "the day of liberation from the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish occupiers".
The immediate reason for the introduction of the new holiday was the planned cancellation of the celebration of November 7, which in the minds of people is associated with the anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917.
The idea to make November 4 a holiday as National Unity Day was put forward by the Interreligious Council of Russia in September 2004.
It was supported by the Duma Committee on Labor and Social Policy, and thus acquired the status of a Duma initiative.
On September 29, 2004, Patriarch Alexy of Moscow and All Russia publicly supported the initiative of the Duma to establish the celebration on November 4th. “This day reminds us how, in 1612, Russians of different faiths and nationalities overcame division, overcame a formidable enemy and led the country to a stable civil peace,” said Patriarch Alexy.
On October 22, according to the old style (or November 1, according to the new style) in 1612, militia fighters led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky stormed Kitay-Gorod, the garrison of the Commonwealth retreated to the Kremlin. Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory. On October 26 (November 8, according to a new style), the command of the interventionist garrison signed a surrender, releasing the Moscow boyars and other nobles from the Kremlin at the same time, and the next day the garrison surrendered. At the end of February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov, the first Russian tsar from the Romanov dynasty, as the new tsar.
In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, October 22 (according to the old style), was declared a public holiday, which was celebrated for centuries until 1917.
According to the Orthodox church calendar, this day marks the “Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God (in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612)”, which falls on October 22 according to the Julian calendar. Due to the increase in the difference between the Gregorian and the Julian over the past centuries, this day has shifted to November 4 (and will shift to November 5 in the 22nd century).
1493 - Expedition of Christopher Columbus discovers the island of Guadeloupe.
1576 - During the Eighty Years' War, Spanish troops capture Antwerp.
1582 - Yermak in the battle on the Chuvash Cape defeats the Siberian Khan Kuchum and after 3 days enters the capital of his khanate - Isker.
1612 - Liberation of Moscow. Capitulation of the Polish-Lithuanian garrison of the Moscow Kremlin.
1660 - capitulation of the army of the boyar Vasily Sheremetev near Chudnov. Russia has lost hope for the return of the lands of Right-Borezhnaya Ukraine.
1707 - a hospital was opened in Moscow (now - the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko).
1708 - Ukrainian hetman Ivan Mazepa announced his betrayal of Peter I and moved to join the troops of the Swedish king Charles XII.
1794 - Alexander Suvorov occupies Prague, a suburb of Warsaw. End of the Polish uprising.
1815 - in Berlin, during an official dinner, the Russian Emperor Alexander I and the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III announce the engagement of Tsarevich Nicholas (the future Emperor Nicholas I) and the Prussian Princess Charlotte (who became Alexandra after the adoption of the Orthodox faith).
1848 - adoption by the Constituent Assembly of France of the Constitution of the Second French Republic, according to which the president is placed at the head of the state.
1862 - Richard Gatling patented the world's first multi-barreled machine gun Revolving Battery Gun, which made a significant contribution to the victory of the United States (Army of the North) over the CSA.
1879 - Jades Ritty patents the first cash register.
1890 - The world's first underground electric road, the underground, opens in London.
1914 - on the German cruiser "Karlsruhe" ("Karlsruhe") there was an explosion of ammunition cellars. 263 crew members were killed, including the commander of the ship.
1917 - The Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet announces that only orders approved by it are recognized as valid.
1918 - The Versailles Conference of the Allied Powers draws up an Armistice Agreement with Germany.
1921 - Takashi Hara, the prime minister of Japan, is assassinated at a Tokyo train station.
1922 - Englishman Howard Carter discovers the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamen in Egypt.
1924 - Republican Calvin Coolidge wins the US presidential election.
1936 - Saratov puppet theater "Teremok" begins its work in Saratov
1938 - the island of Jersey in the English Channel. A Jersey Airways de Havilland DH-86 crashes. All 14 people on board die.
1940 - A United Airlines Douglas DC-3 crashed into Bountiful Peak in the Wasatch Mountains in a blizzard 3 nautical miles off Centerville, Utah, USA as a result of navigation equipment failure. All 10 people on board were killed.
1942 - The general directors of self-government appointed by the Germans in the occupied territory of Latvia begin to discuss the issue of creating a Latvian legion.
- The Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) was founded.
1944 - Hartford, California, USA. After entering a thundercloud, a Trans Continental & Western Airways Douglas DC-3 loses its wing due to severe turbulence. All 24 people on board die.
1946 - The Sino-American Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Trade is concluded.
- UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, was formed in Paris.
1952 - Earthquake in the Kuril Islands.
- Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower wins an overwhelming victory in the US presidential election.
- Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain, who took the throne after the death of her father George VI, opens a meeting of Parliament for the first time.
1956 - Operation Whirlwind launched.
- The first tests of the Tu-104 turbojet aircraft are being carried out.
1966 - severe flooding in the central and northern regions of Italy. In Florence, causes the Renaissance Art Center to be flooded with water 2 meters from the floor.
1967 - Fernhurst, Sussex, England. The Sud Aviation Caravelle 10R aircraft of the Spanish company Iberia Airlines crashes. All 37 people on board die. Too much descent during landing.
- The Ostankino television tower was put into operation.
1968 - launch of the first domestic solid-propellant ballistic missile RT-2, Plesetsk.
1969 - Ryazan writers' organization excludes Alexander Solzhenitsyn from the Writers' Union of the USSR.
1970 - During a test flight, the British-French Concorde supersonic passenger airliner exceeds the speed of sound twice.
1972 - near Plovdiv (Bulgaria), an Il-14P aircraft of Balkan Bulgarian Airlines hit a mountain during landing. All 35 people on board die.
1976 - Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The Fokker F-27 ° Friendship 100 aircraft of the Bali International Air Service crashes. Of the 38 people on board, 29 die.
1977 - The UN categorically bans the supply of arms to South Africa.
1979 - Iranian "revolutionary guards" (students) take over the American embassy in Tehran.
1980 - Republican Ronald Reagan wins the US presidential election by a landslide.
1981 - Negotiations between General Jaruzelski, Lech Walesa and Cardinal Glemp come to a standstill in Poland.
2008 - Barack Hussein Obama II wins the US presidential election.
2009 - in Nizhny Novgorod, the metro bridge was opened for automobile traffic.
2011 - the cities of Kovrov, Lomonosov, Taganrog and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Russia) were awarded the honorary title City of Military Glory.
Many Russians like to spend extra non-working days on trips and other recreation. In November, the inhabitants of our country will have a long weekend of three days thanks to the national holiday - the Day of National Unity. It's amazing, but 2/3 of our country doesn't really know that we celebrate November 4th. Let's dot the "i" in our section "Question-Answer".
On November 4, Russia celebrates National Unity Day as a public holiday. It was approved in December 2004. This decision was made by Russian President Vladimir Putin. The head of state amended the federal law "On the days of military glory (victorious days) of Russia", in which November 4 was declared the Day of National Unity. The country celebrated the new holiday for the first time on November 4, 2005.
What is it dedicated to?
The National Unity Day holiday has its roots in the distant 1612. On November 4, according to the new style, the militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky expelled the Polish invaders from the Russian capital. Historically, this holiday is associated with the end of the Time of Troubles in Russia, which lasted from 1584.
It began after the death of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. His heir Fyodor Ioannovich, who was far from public affairs, ascended the throne. In 1598 he died, and since he had no heirs, the royal dynasty of Rurik was cut off. This was followed by about 15 years of deep national crisis.
The turmoil was the time of the appearance of impostors, the reign of the boyars, a terrible famine and war with the Poles. Russia was in a fever from widespread robberies, robberies, theft, and general drunkenness. The united Russian state collapsed. In 1610, the Russian boyars, led by Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky, allowed Polish troops into the Kremlin with the intention of placing the Catholic prince Vladislav on the Russian throne.
The first people's militia to liberate the capital from the Poles was headed by the Ryazan governor Prokopy Lyapunov. But this anti-Polish uprising was defeated. In September 1611, the Nizhny Novgorod Zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin called on the people to create a people's militia. A nationwide collection of money began to carry out the plan. Novgorod prince Dmitry Pozharsky was invited to the post of chief voivode. Under the banners of Pozharsky and Minin, a huge army for that time gathered - more than 10 thousand serving local people, up to three thousand Cossacks, more than a thousand archers and many peasants. With the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, revealed in 1579, the Nizhny Novgorod Zemstvo militia managed on November 4, 1612 to storm Kitai-Gorod and drive the Poles out of Moscow. The Great Zemsky Sobor of 1613 was the final victory over the Troubles, the triumph of Orthodoxy and national unity. In the same year, the first of the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, reigned on the Russian throne.
Later, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich established a holiday in honor of this great event, which became the Orthodox-state holiday of Moscow Russia (it was celebrated until 1917). This day entered the church calendar as the Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612.
These are completely different holidays. November 7 and 8 were non-working days in the USSR, people celebrated the Day of the October Revolution.
On the night of October 25-26 (old style) 1917, thanks to an armed uprising, the Bolsheviks captured the Winter Palace, arrested members of the Provisional Government and proclaimed the power of the Soviets.
Russian President Boris Yeltsin in 1996 signed a decree "On the Day of Consent and Reconciliation", while the day remained non-working, but the essence of the holiday has changed dramatically. According to the idea of the head of state, it was supposed to be a day of renunciation of confrontation, a day of reconciliation and unity of various layers of Russian society.
As we said above, in 2004, President Putin approved a new holiday by his decree - National Unity Day. November 7 holiday has been cancelled.
People familiar with history know that this date - National Unity Day - is dedicated to the events of the Time of Troubles, when Moscow was liberated from enemies in 1612 with the help of a militia, consisting of ordinary people, led by Minin and Pozharsky.
Reason for creating a new holiday in Russia
Initially, the inhabitants of our country celebrated November 7 as the anniversary of the well-known October Revolution. The Soviet Union collapsed, and people, by inertia, continued to celebrate this day, since it remained red on the calendar. Only now it was called So it continued for another 14 years after the collapse of the USSR, until the authorities decided that it was time to establish a new date. So what is the name of the holiday on November 4 in Russia?
Alexy II - the patriarch of Russia at that time - at the Interreligious Council came up with the idea of reviving the end of the Time of Troubles and the image of Our Lady of Kazan in people's memory. So that the people would not have unnecessary questions about what holiday is celebrated in Russia on November 4, the State Duma, after amending the Labor Code, decided that this date would be recognized as National Unity Day.
People's militia led by Minin and Pozharsky
At the beginning of the 17th century, Russia was in the grip of the Time of Troubles. The country experienced severe crises related to politics and the economy, crop failures and famine, foreign intervention. In 1612, she freed herself from the Poles with the help of Kozma Minin, a governor from Nizhny Novgorod, and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. They organized which captured Kitay-Gorod and forced the foreigners to recognize the act of surrender.
Pozharsky was lucky enough to be the first to enter the city. He carried in his hands the icon of Our Lady of Kazan. In Russia, they sincerely believed that it was the Mother of God who then protected the people from enemies. In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, November 4 became dedicated to the Lady of Heaven. Until 1917, until the revolution took place in the country, this day was special for all Russian people.
Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God
Now the Orthodox also especially honor this day. What kind of holiday is November 4 in Russia? This is the day of glorification of the Kazan Mother of God. In 1612, he appealed to the people to pray and stand up for the defense of their native land from foreign invaders. Then Dmitry Pozharsky from Kazan was sent to the militia a wonderful image of the Ever-Virgin Mary. Having endured a three-day fast, people with faith and hope appealed to the Queen of Heaven with a request that she give them strength to defeat their enemies.
The Mother of God heard their pleas for help, Moscow was liberated. Then came the end of the Time of Troubles in Russia. Since then, people have known about the miraculous salvation of the country on November 4, which is now considered a holiday in Russia. In honor of this event, the Kazan Cathedral was built on Red Square in 1612. It was destroyed during the years of persecution of the church, and has now been restored.
Contradictory attitude of the people to this event
Many people do not understand what kind of date November 4 is, what holiday is celebrated in Russia at this time? Not everyone knows about the Unity Day of the people, in particular, the older generation is used to the date of November 7, when the events of the 1917 revolution are remembered. People who grew up in the spirit of atheism do not want to recognize the new holiday. They still celebrate their own and 3 days later. The Communists in the State Duma were also initially against changing the date in the calendar, however, their votes were in the minority and did not have a significant impact on the decision.
Thus, some people believe that it is not good to break old traditions by shifting the emphasis from one holiday to another, the second (many Orthodox people are among them), on the contrary, are sure that this day is the revival of history. Everything returns to its place. But for 10 years now, November 4 has been celebrated. What is a holiday in Russia without the opportunity to relax? This day is an official holiday.
National Unity Day or Accord and Reconciliation Day?
Until now, some people are confused and cannot say which of the names of the holiday is correct. In this case, it will not matter whether each individual person knows what the holiday on November 4 is called in Russia. The main thing is that people understand the meaning of this date in the calendar. The Russian people have always been famous for their unity and catholicity in decision-making. So Russia was able to win in many wars.
On this day, all the contradictions and disagreements that provoke conflict situations should be forgotten. People need to become kinder to each other, because the roots of entire generations are closely intertwined. Only then will the meaning of what is celebrated on November 4 (which holiday in Russia) reach every person.
How is National Unity Day going?
Times change. Now more and more people welcome the introduction of November 4th. What holiday in Russia takes place without solemn concerts and various actions? Various events are timed to coincide with this day: demonstrations, mass processions, the issuance of free gifts with state symbols.
A government reception is held in the Kremlin Hall, where people who have made a huge contribution to the development of the country receive their well-deserved awards. In the evening, traditional folk festivities are held, all this ends with bright volleys of fireworks, so that the people will forever remember the date of November 4, which holiday in Russia is celebrated on this day.