Mood in psychology: definition, essence, types. What is our mood and what does it depend on? What is its background

Mood is a general emotional state that colors mental processes and human behavior for a certain time.

The mood is given out by movements, posture, posture, hands. In a good mood, the hands are calm, confident, no unnecessary movements, in a bad mood, they are linked, clenched into fists. The mood is reflected in the appearance. If a person is sad, a stoop appears, shoulders drop, arms hang limply along the body. In the eyes of anxiety or apathy, indifference.

When the mood is cheerful, upbeat, the shoulders are straightened, the figure becomes, as it were, taller, the look is sharp, the gait is resolute, the movements are precise and prudent. The man is filled with power, and it is immediately evident.

The mood is caused both by various events that have a certain significance for a person, and by physical well-being.

A lot depends on what physical state you are in at that moment, the same factor in one case can be neutral for us, we simply don’t notice it, in another it will cause anger, spoil the mood.

A good mood has a positive effect on blood circulation and improves skin vitality, a bad mood inhibits the stimulating functions of the skin, its nutrition.

The mood has a "spreadability". A person suffering from a bad mood often spreads this "disease". This is especially noticeable when a female leader becomes its carrier. However, the “bacilli” of a bad mood should only be started to sow. The main thing is that the "sower" does not get better from this, as a rule. Therefore, try to suppress a bad mood, negative emotions. And as you educate yourself, educate yourself. Learn to take care of yourself. It is very important not to let fatigue build up. It is she who leads to loss of control, irritability, incontinence.

Having created a good mood, try to keep it during the day.

It is necessary to systematically train the state inherent in a good mood, facial expression, voice, behavior.

We get a positive emotional charge by visiting a theater or an art gallery, watching a play or a movie. Moreover, in most cases, the very expectation of something important, necessary, interesting causes a good mood.

It has been noticed that cheerful, cheerful people retain youth, good spirits, and charm for a long time. Don't forget about it. And don't be afraid to show your good mood. Often we are afraid to do this, and in a good mood we speak in a habitually sluggish voice, look with a dull look, and frown. As a result, gradually a good mood somehow disappears by itself, the mental state changes, it begins to correspond to our appearance. Therefore, we must learn to act differently. Even if it is difficult, not to succumb to emotions, to hold on with dignity both internally and externally.

The total characteristic of the emotional state of a person in a certain period. In some cases, the term is used to characterize the dominant type of affectivity for a given person. N. can be smooth (eithymic), elevated (hyperthymic), lowered (hypothymic), anxious, etc. The general background of mood is largely determined by the course of a number of mental processes, including thinking (see Holothymia, Holothymic Thinking.

MOOD

an emotional state that is characterized by diffuseness, the absence of a clear conscious attachment to certain objects or processes, and sufficient stability, which allows us to consider mood as a separate indicator of temperament. The basis of a particular mood is an emotional tone, positive or negative.

MOOD (ICD 295; 296; 301.1; 310.2)

a predominant and enduring state of feeling which, to an extreme or pathological degree, may dominate the outward behavior and inward state of the individual.

MOOD

relatively long, stable mental states of moderate or low intensity, manifested as a positive or negative emotional background of the individual's mental life. They are characterized by diffuseness, the absence of a clear conscious attachment to certain objects or processes, and sufficient stability, which makes it possible to consider mood as a separate indicator of temperament. Unlike situational emotions and affects, it is an emotional reaction not to the immediate consequences of specific events, but to their significance for the subject in the context of general life plans, interests and expectations. Formed moods, in turn, are able to influence emotional reactions in connection with ongoing events, respectively changing the direction of thoughts, perception (-> social perception) and behavior.

Depending on the degree of awareness of the causes that caused a particular mood, it is experienced either as an undifferentiated general emotional background (elated, depressed mood, etc.), or as a clearly identifiable state (boredom, sadness, melancholy, fear, or enthusiasm, joy, delight etc.).

The ability to control mood, find and learn ways to consciously correct it (-> self-regulation) is an important task of education and self-education. Causeless mood swings can have a pathological origin, due to such mental properties as increased anxiety, instability, emotionality, etc. (-> character: accentuation; feeling).

MOOD

relatively long, stable mental states of moderate or low intensity, manifesting themselves as a positive or negative emotional background in the mental life of an individual.

MOOD

English Mood) is one of the forms of human emotional life. N. is called a more or less stable, prolonged, without a certain intention emotional state of a person, coloring for some time all his experiences.

N. affects to varying degrees on all mental processes occurring in a given segment of a person's life. Unlike feelings, which are always directed to one or another object (present, future, past), N., being often caused by a specific reason, a specific reason, manifests itself in the features of a person’s emotional response to influences of any nature.

N. is characterized by an emotional tone (positive - cheerful, cheerful, elevated or negative - sad, depressed, reduced), as well as different dynamics. Relatively stable N. arises as a result of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of essential requests and aspirations of a person. Among the factors that determine the individual differences of people in relation to the speed of change of N. and other features of it, an important place is occupied by the characteristics of temperament.

MOOD

A temporary but relatively stable complex mental state containing several components: a predominant emotional coloring (affective component), a narrowing of mental content and a change in certain aspects of thinking within the framework of a secondary process (cognitive component), a tendency to certain actions (behavioral component). Mood changes in response to internal or external, conscious or unconscious psychophysiological events; it differs from what is generally habitual for a given individual.

The most striking sign of mood is the affective component, experienced subjectively and, as a rule, accessible to objective observation. Affective mood signs may be fleeting, but they usually last for hours or days. On the scale of feelings, simple affects would be located at one pole, moods in the middle, and more complex and prolonged affective phenomena, such as love, loyalty, patriotism, at the other pole. Moods are dynamic mental constellations that contain, regulate, link, and express a complex mixture of affects. Within the framework of the structural approach, mood can be seen as an attempt by the self to integrate and control affective responses to the demands of the id, superego, and reality. In an economic sense, the structure of mood regulates the manifestation of repetitive small amounts of affects, thereby preventing the possibility of an explosive, potentially uncontrollable discharge. Moods, like symptoms, play the role of a compromise, while protecting against strong affects arising from the conflict, and allowing their softened manifestation.

The cognitive component of mood qualitatively colors secondary process thinking and mental content. Structurally, mood jeopardizes the activity of the ego, especially its ability to accurately assess internal and external reality. Mood changes the nature of representations of the Self and objects. For example, in a depressed mood, a person may consider himself a nonentity and think that other people are not at all interested in him. He, in a state of spiritual uplift, can consider himself capable of overcoming any obstacles and spreading his optimism to the whole world. This selectivity of perception impairs reality testing. At the same time, selective concentration on ideas, memories, attitudes, beliefs, assessments and expectations in harmony with the sensual tone and the exclusion of dissonant mental content enhance and preserve the mood. This gives the mood a global and all-encompassing character.

The behavioral component of mood is revealed in individual behavioral actions, inaction, or patterns of motor activity. The disorganized hyperactivity of the maniac, the loquacity of the hypomanic person, the psychomotor retardation of the depressed person, the productivity in the "work mood" are all examples of the behavioral component. Mood can color the entire behavioral repertoire of an individual, including character traits that are usually considered rigid and fixed. Behavior influences others whose reactions reinforce the validity of the sentiment.

Psychoanalysts' reflections on the origin of early, basal, and individual moods have addressed both innate factors and experiential variables. It is clear that different children are predisposed to different moods, and the phases of normal childhood development are associated with characteristic moods (e.g., high spirits between ten and eleven months, associated with what Greenacre (1957) called "loving relationships with the world"). There is a connection between depression and real or imagined loss of an object at an early age (arising in the context of the child-mother relationship); this relationship is especially evident in the subphases of separation-individuation of the second and third years of life. Repressed early experiences of frustration/deprivation or satisfaction, as well as some other events and traumas, serve as archaic foci (points of fixation) around which violent affective reactions are organized. When current experiences are associated with these fixation points, a complex psychological response called mood is induced. As Jacobson (1971) points out, the emotional experience that triggers mood can be entirely internal (carried out through mental or neuroelectrochemical processes) or external (associated with current life experience). It can be conscious or unconscious, oriented either to reality or to associations with conscious or unconscious memories.

Mood

Specificity. It is characterized by diffuseness, the absence of a clear conscious attachment to certain objects or processes, and sufficient stability, which allows us to consider mood as a separate indicator of temperament. The basis of a particular mood is an emotional tone, positive or negative.

MOOD

1. Any relatively short, low-intensity emotional state. Used freely. 2. Relatively comprehensive and stable emotional state. Although this value is clearly in conflict with value 1, it is in this sense that it is used in the latest edition of the DSM and is reflected in the general diagnostic class of mood disorders.

mood

a stable, relatively long-term mental state of an individual or a group of people, creating a general emotional background for the flow of all mental processes. The degree of meaningfulness, differentiation n. can be different: from an undifferentiated sthenic or asthenic experience to such clearly expressed forms of mental reflection as boredom, sadness, grief, longing, fear, despair, enthusiasm, glee, joy, delight, hope, etc.

MOOD

relatively long, stable emotional states of moderate or low intensity, manifesting themselves as a general background in the mental life of an individual and ensuring the predominance of emotions of a certain modality in it (cf. joyful, sad, mocking N.). N. are formed under the influence of individual life events - successes, meetings, decisions made, etc., but unlike situational emotions and affects, N. represent an emotional reaction not to the immediate consequences of events, but to their meaning in the context of more general life plans, interests and expectations of a person. Therefore, N. are not objective, but personal. They are distinguished by inertness, diffuseness, lack of focus on specific phenomena, generalized addressing to all of life, to other people, or to one's own destiny. Influencing the nature of immediate emotional reactions to ongoing events, formed N. functionally manifest themselves as a mechanism for background regulation of activity that can change the perception, direction of thoughts, and behavior of a person. N. and their causes can be realized with varying degrees of distinctness - from subjectively non-reflective emotional background of activity to clearly identifiable states. Unreasonable fluctuations of N. can have a pathological origin and be caused by the natural constitution of the person. The N. of a person has a significant impact on his behavior in conflicts. Accounting for N. interaction partners contributes to the prevention of conflicts. Mastering the primary skills of N. self-regulation is a necessary element of the psychological culture of a person, especially a conflictologist. Cheerfulness, goodwill, calmness are the most important characteristics of N., which need constant conscious formation.

Starting from the results of a general psychological analysis of the nature of moods at the level of an individual, then the options for a socio-psychological understanding of mass, primarily public, moods will become clearer, as well as various approaches to developing a political and psychological vision of mass moods,

Within the framework of general psychology individual moods were considered from different points of view. For a long time, psychophysiological accents dominated, in which moods turned out to be "an abstraction from homogeneous sensory tones of ideas and sensations" 182 or "an expression of cortical well-being" 183 . On the other hand, descriptions of "specific moods" that expressed "the peculiarities of certain peoples" were multiplied. One of the most accurate psychological descriptions of mood was given by A.N. Leontiev: “A day filled with many events that seem to be quite successful, however, can spoil a person’s mood, leave him with some unpleasant aftertaste. Against the backdrop of the worries of the day, this sediment is barely noticeable. But then a moment comes when a person, as it were, looks back and mentally goes over the impressions of the day he has lived. And at that moment, when a certain event pops up in memory, his mood acquires an objective relation: an affective signal arises, indicating that it was this event that left him an emotional sediment” 184 .

Modern general psychology defines mood as a certain mental state that integrates the influence of objective events on their subjective experience 185 . Within the framework of the activity interpretation in Russian psychology, this is the highest level of subjective comprehension (as a process of endowing with subjective meanings) of something objective. This is a kind of “pre-consciousness”, “sensory lining”, “the closest reserve” of consciousness, one of the strongest regulators of subjective mental life. At the heart of moods, from this point of view, are human needs; this is a special signal reaction, indicating a discrepancy between needs and real life conditions and the capabilities of the individual. Other trends also hold similar views. Thus, the concept of “claims” was introduced in the school of topological psychology by K. Levin. This need-generated factor determines the subject's disposition for the success or failure of actions, including those of a socio-political orientation. In general, from a general psychological perspective, moods are well studied, primarily as a motivational factor in individual behavior.

In socio-psychological directions the main thing was to establish the actual social specificity of certain moods. Western researchers mainly associated it with the social behavior of the individual and his influence on society. Thus, M. Deutsch explained social apathy as a result of the experience by individuals of the subjective probability of failure in the face of complex socio-political problems and, accordingly, a decrease in the level of claims, which leaves no hope of success in the revolutionary struggle 186 . Domestic researchers, on the contrary, mainly looked for the social nature of moods in the influence of society on a person, considering this issue from three main points of view.

Firstly, moods that are social by genesis, covering certain social groups and strata, were seen as the result of the socialization of the subject of such moods, a consequence of his belonging to a certain group, stratum, or socio-political system. In this vein, moods were considered as a special “empathy” (joint experience) by people of the problems of the community of which they are members. Thus, in Russian social psychology, the notorious “public mood” arose, which turned out to be both an emotional reflection and a normative attitude that exists in society. In this interpretation, social moods were, as it were, prescribed to the subject by the social class nature of society and were of a role-based nature: he had to experience them almost without fail as a member of a particular group, stratum, or organization.

Secondly, moods were seen as social in their content. Based on the thought of G.V. Plekhanov that “any given “ideology” ... expresses the aspirations and moods of a given society or ... social class” 187 , public moods were interpreted in the sociologically oriented domestic social psychology as special, not related to individual phenomena, determined by ideological factors. This strengthened their normative and predetermined character.

Thirdly, moods were considered by a number of domestic trends as social in their subject. And then, in accordance with the general normative orientation, they turned into the “mood of the whole society”, which is a component of a certain “public atmosphere”.

It is now obvious that such generalized sociological views led to an underestimation of the real role and an inaccurate understanding of the nature of the mass moods experienced by people in socio-political life. “Public moods” coexist in it, but of a different plan - representing the ideal requirements that the social system makes (including a group, organization, etc. - a set of social roles), and real mass moods. The latter arise and develop as specific experiences by one or another set of people of the degree of correspondence of ideal norms to the real life possibilities of their materialization. According to domestic versions of the interactionist direction, assimilating "public moods" at the level of role duties, people experience them differently, depending on whether the norms and ideals of the socio-political system are supported by the conditions of people's direct everyday life. This is how real socio-psychological moods arise, special states “associated with the realization or impracticability, with different phases of the struggle for the realization of certain hopes and aspirations, thoughts and plans” 188, directed positively or negatively according to. bearing to the socio-political conditions of life. This orientation determines the social character of moods.

Summarizing the views of different schools and trends, we can conclude that from a socio-psychological point of view, mood is a special phenomenon, the essence of which consists in experiencing and endowing on the part of the subject with a certain sense of his belonging to the social system. They are determined by the degree of identification with the social role, and ultimately with the system. With such an interpretation, moods inevitably acquire a socio-political coloring. Reflecting the degree of satisfaction with the socio-political conditions of life, moods acquire a specific political orientation and can become widespread. Then they go beyond the socio-psychological direction and need a special political-psychological study. Thus, approaching the understanding of the role of moods as a factor mediating the relationship between people and the socio-political system, associated with the motivation of mass behavior, social psychology stopped before analyzing their role in political activity. This is the indisputable prerogative of political psychology.

POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY

MASS MOOD

Starting from everything that has already been said, let us now consider directly the political and psychological concept of mass political moods and their functioning in political processes: the nature of these moods, their subject, the origins of their emergence, stages and patterns of development, the main types and types, functions of moods, methods of influencing mass political moods and the possibility of predicting their development in politics.

In the political and psychological dimension mass political sentiment- this is a subjective, complex affective-cognitive signal reaction, homogeneous for a sufficiently large number of people, special experiences of comfort or discomfort, reflecting satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the general socio-political conditions of life; subjective assessment of the possibility of realizing socio-political claims under given conditions; as well as the desire to change conditions in order to fulfill claims. These are special mental states that cover significant communities of people - states that are transitional from direct emotions to more or less conscious opinions, growing out of everyday emotions, but of a more politically generalized nature, rationalized by the conditions of political life, its norms and foundations.

Mass political moods are a special political and psychological phenomenon, not reducible to the traditionally figured "public mood". They include socio-normative (actually “public”), but also other components that arise as a result of experiencing the compliance of social standards with real life. At times, mass sentiments can be clearly anti-social in nature: for example, the mood of discontent that engulfed the broad masses of the Russian population by 1917 was openly oppositional, destructive in relation to the dominant socio-political system. If the system, to the best of its ability, introduced into society beneficial normative moods, then from below, as a reaction to them, the opposite real mass moods grew.

The Nature of Mood is determined by the fact that they become noticeable when two factors diverge: the claims (expectations) of people associated with common to a significant multitude, mass needs and interests, on the one hand, and real living conditions, on the other. Active moods, a kind of readiness for political action arise when the claims and expectations of people come into conflict with the possibilities for their satisfaction, and this contradiction is actually experienced by people. This is a specific state of consciousness, the psychological reaction of significant communities to the discrepancy between the desired and the actual, preceding the actions. Such a reaction in the form of feelings can take various forms - from hatred towards political forces that have allowed living standards to lag behind the needs of the masses, to admiration towards those forces that, on the contrary, ensure the growth of opportunities for the implementation of mass claims.

A special form is "passive moods" such as indifference and apathy, when the masses do not believe in the possibility of bridging the gap between claims and the possibilities of achieving them. For example, at one time the defeat of the Russian revolution of 1905 for several years created a situation of a kind of paralysis of mass claims and aspirations, devoid of support in real life, loss of self-confidence, decline in motivation and active political actions. a subjective assessment of socio-political reality, as if passed through the prism of the interests, needs, claims and expectations of this or that multitude of people, the masses.

Such sentiments spread rapidly. They are contagious. It is difficult to control them from the side of consciousness. They easily and quickly connect people who are in a similar socio-political situation, giving rise to a broad sense of community “we”, as a rule, directed against certain “they”, on which the socio-political situation that does not suit people depends.

emergence mass political sentiment is associated with the interaction of two factors: 1) objective, objective (reality), and 2) subjective (different people's ideas about reality, different assessments of it in the light of interests and needs). The severity of moods in a society depends primarily on the degree of homogeneity of its socio-political structure. The more differentiated and pluralistic this structure is, the more different groups stand out with their own needs and claims, and each of them can have their own moods. The stronger, clearer, clearer and more homogeneous social relations are, the more compressed the socio-political structure and the stronger the homogeneous-normative, “social” component of sentiments.

Expressiveness of moods depends, first of all, on the degree of evidence of the discrepancy between needs and claims and the possibilities provided by the system to satisfy them, on the discrepancy between the declared rights and freedoms and reality.

Development mass political moods, as a rule, is circular in nature, resembling a kind of "emotional whirling": the same moods that have a common basis (usually unsatisfied socio-political claims) are reproduced over and over again in a certain cycle. On the one hand, it is the engine of development (without dissatisfaction there is no motivation for activity). On the other hand, it is a constant source of anxiety for any government that is forced to reckon with the fact that as soon as the real conditions of life are too far removed from claims, oppositional moods of dissatisfaction with this government will arise. Historical examples show that the search for mass support by political forces striving for power in practice often turns into a kind of “inflating” the claims of the masses: inspired by hopes, the latter tend to give power to those who promise to achieve what is needed. However, breaking away from reality, being unsecured by a real standard of living, unfulfilled claims give rise to mass discontent that undermines the position of power. This manifests the dialectic of the relationship between the mass political consciousness, which is based on moods, the dynamic political processes associated with them, and the socio-political structures and institutions that stabilize the political structure of life.

Development cycle mass sentiment usually includes five main stages: from a deaf fermentation and the birth of moods - through their accumulation and crystallization - to a maximum rise, manifested in political actions - then to a resolution or decline in moods, and in the latter case, after a while - to a new rise.

Dynamism of moods associated not only with a change in their direction and intensity. It is also connected with the speed of transition from moods to conscious opinions, assessments and actions. In political and psychological terms, this dynamics is expressed by levels of expressiveness of moods, manifested a) in what people want and silently experience, b) what they hope for and are able to express verbally, c) in principle they are ready to defend, d) they are accustomed to consider their own and never that they won't give up.

Subject political sentiment is the mass as a collection of people united by common experiences. This is a special association on a functional basis, formed on the basis of common actions and factors that encourage such actions. The latter do not always follow directly from the classical ideas about the features of this or that layer, group or class. The concept of "mass" is less definite and more situational than the named communities - different people from different groups are united in the mass, covered at one time or another by the action of common political and psychological factors.

Originating in separate groups and strata, moods spread extremely quickly and themselves form a mass as their subject. Thus, for example, in the course of a revolution, the "working masses" can quickly turn into the "majority of all exploited" masses. This is especially evident in the course of radical political changes, political crises. In calmer situations, when a variety of not too pronounced moods function within the framework of the political system, their subject is represented relatively locally. In the most concrete terms - in the form of a crowd. In a more complex case - in the form, for example, of mass movements or "middle strata" with their typical blurring of social consciousness and great susceptibility to mood factors.

In politics, there is and manifests a significant number of different species mass sentiment. They can be classified and typological in many ways. In practice, specific historical approaches to the identification of types of moods prevail, based on a political assessment of the real and desirable, potential consequences of moods - certain mass political actions. Proceeding from this, for example, revolutionary and counter-revolutionary, fascist and anti-fascist, etc. pairs-antagonists are distinguished. While there are certain practical benefits, such an approach cannot be accepted as exhaustive. A more complicated way is also possible, in which the consequences of certain moods are assessed not from the standpoint of a specific political and ideological situation, but in a universal human dimension. The degree of conformity of moods and the actions caused by them to universal interests divides them into progressive and reactionary.

However, a fundamentally different approach is also possible. From a political perspective, it is more productive, without focusing on the problem of assessments (which is almost inevitable when subdividing political phenomena), to consider mass moods from a functional point of view, dividing them depending on the role they play in specific political processes. This approach is correlative, procedural in nature. He takes into account that the orientation of sentiments is determined by their ideological design - accordingly, their assessment depends on the coincidence or divergence of the political and ideological positions of the subject of moods, on the one hand, and the subject of assessment, on the other.

The Nature of Mood dual. On the one hand, they are a reflection of real life. On the other hand, they develop according to the laws of mass psychology, influencing reality. On the one hand, they form the basis of ideology, on the other hand, they are highly susceptible to ideological influence. In politics, the assessment and selection of types of sentiments are usually associated with the “for” and “against” whom they are directed. But one and the same event, phenomenon or process can cause different, sometimes opposite, moody reactions - it all depends on people's awareness and on who and where managed to direct mass psychology, give it the right color and take advantage of the existing intensity, for example, mass discontent.

In the procedural interpretation, there are main functions mass political sentiments, and varieties of the latter are considered, first of all, as separate mechanisms for the implementation of these functions. This does not exclude content-based classifications, but subordinates them as secondary, detailing the functional approach in relation to specific political situations. The main function of mass political sentiments - the function of subjective support of the dynamics of political processes, is carried out through political and psychological preparation, formation and motivational support of political actions of fairly large human communities. This is achieved by uniting people into a mass based on common mood experiences - the function of forming the subject of potential political actions and, accordingly, moods that form potentially effective communities (for example, mass movements). By rallying the masses, moods are objectified in mass actions - the function of initiating and regulating political behavior through the appropriate options for moods (for example, leading to a modification of the political system). In addition to the above, in the longer term, certain moods perform an important function of strategic political and psychological assessment, forming a long-term attitude to political reality, a way of understanding it - for example, this or that political thinking.

Opportunities for impact on mass moods lie in two planes. On the one hand, in the history of politics, the means of influencing the claims and expectations of people have been worked out. On the other hand, effective is the impact on the possibility of realizing claims in reality. The complex political impact consists of two main components: propaganda-ideological (manipulation of claims) and socio-political, including socio-economic (manipulation of the level of real life). Stabilization of moods is associated with balancing claims and opportunities to achieve them. Lagging opportunities for achievement leads to an increase in discontent. The coincidence of claims and possibilities, real or illusory, causes the growth of mass enthusiasm.

Successful intervention should be based on an analysis that includes:

an inventory of the sentiments in the political system and their direction (it is judged by the degree of divergence of real mass sentiments from the normative “public”), which makes it possible to assess the degree of political and psychological unity of society as a combination of pro- and anti-system sentiments;

3) the reasons for the emergence of moods - their connection with the claims of a particular community and the possibility of satisfying them both at the present moment and in the future are clarified;

4) the stages of development of sentiments, the degree of their severity and intensity, the likelihood of developing into mass political actions;

5) breadth of coverage, degree of mass character, prevalence in the most influential political communities.

An analysis based on these positions makes it possible to assess in general the probability of objectifying moods in political behavior; the nature of the actions of the masses, their content and direction; the extent and possible political implications of the impact on sentiment.

Forecast the prospects for the development of certain mass political sentiments is a complex problem. It is possible provided that a significant number of factors influencing the dynamics of sentiment are taken into account. The most adequate prognostic method is the development of political and psychological scenarios according to the scheme: "if .... then ...". Scenarios of this kind are built on the principle of analogies, starting from a more or less politically close “bridgehead of forecast”. Building a scenario based on expert assessments comes down to creating a special kind of “problem-factor network” formed by variable factors that influence the development of sentiments, and has access to computer modeling of political processes. Such forecasts-scenarios are the most adequate for the problems of long-term forecasting:

Being probabilistic, they are primarily of conceptual significance. In some cases, however, it is also possible to obtain operational prognostic information.

If the movements of emotions become smoother and therefore long, lasting and almost static, one speaks of states and moods. The state is about the objective, about the body. Mood - about the inner, about the soul.

Eyes flashed with joy - emotion. This morning is permeated with light for you, joy has come to you and does not go away, it lives in calm changing waves - this is a calm state and a joyful mood.

Mood - a state that has an image, a person or something spiritualized (for example, the mood of a picture, melody, performance). The image of the mood can be general ("high", "depressed" mood), or understood as a clearly identifiable state (boredom, sadness, melancholy, fear, or, conversely, enthusiasm, joy, exultation, delight, etc.). The mood can be fleeting, more often they talk about the mood as something that lasts.

"Emotions and feelings are associated with some object and directed at it: we are happy about something, upset about something, worried about something. But when a person has a joyful mood, he is not just happy about something, but he is happy - everything in the world seems joyful and beautiful. The mood is not objective, but personal, it is not about something specific, but a diffuse and general state. It is not a special experience dedicated to some particular event, but a diffuse general state " . - S.L. Rubinstein.

Many factors influence our mood: weather, well-being, hormonal levels, but if we want to control our (or someone else's) mood, it is more important to pay attention to the habits and internal benefits behind the mood.

A common situation: the husband cheated, the wife suffers, walks with a dead face and unhappy eyes. There is no mood, no strength, everything is terrible and everything is annoying. A simple analysis shows that this is not quite a program, not quite something that a woman cannot influence - more often it is a subconscious revenge on her husband and an incompletely conscious intention to extract more bonuses from the current situation. Make the husband guilty - and then use it. When and if a woman realizes this, she is quite capable of pulling herself together and not playing a more unfortunate victim.

Manage your mood

Adult, developed, responsible people know how. It's not very difficult.

A.S. Makarenko wrote in "Education in the family and school": "Some parents and teachers allow themselves such a "luxury" that their voice reflects their mood. This is completely unacceptable. Your mood can be anything, but your voice must be real, good, firm. Mood has nothing to do with your voice. How do you know what my mood is now? Maybe I am in grief. Or maybe I have some great joy. But I must speak in such a way that I everyone listened. Every parent, every teacher, before talking to a child, must twist himself a little so that all moods disappear. And this is not so difficult. After we lived in the forest for three years and there were bandits around us, what kind of can there be moods? What will I give to my moods? I am used to managing my moods and I am convinced that it is very easy. You need to make sure that your physiognomy, your eyes, your voice are in some cases autonomous. maybe cats scratch and all sorts of other reptiles, but from the outside everything should be in perfect order, in full dress. The teacher must have a "parade on his face." It is desirable that parents also have a "parade" on their faces.

If some mood does not suit you, it can usually be changed immediately or gradually. There are many ways. The simplest thing is to replace a bad mood with a good one. Indeed, being in a traffic jam, it is not necessary to be angry. You can turn on the music, solve questions on the phone, do facial exercises and stretch your voice ... There are always many options, if there is a desire!

People often live without attaching much importance to their emotions, do not understand what an important role feelings play in achieving success. Few people really think about what mood is and how it affects our daily lives.

The state of mind a person is in depends largely on character. If a person is in itself unfriendly and gloomy, it is foolish to expect positive smiles, laughter and joy from him. Even in the absence of trouble, he will invent a problem for himself and will experience it. In this article, we will try to define the concept of mood and highlight its types, emphasizing the significant diversity.

Emotional component

Mood is the mood that drives us when performing some action. It is very important what it will be. If we are full of enthusiasm and joy, then things will turn out much faster and more efficiently. If there is no desire to act, then everything will be delayed indefinitely. Inner readiness has a close relationship with feelings. Since a person is rarely not under the influence of emotions, in most cases he generally lives and acts according to his inclinations. A good mood is born in the heart and spreads like a warm sunbeam to those around you. To maintain it, you must learn to appreciate every moment.

Experiencing a sense of a certain unity with the world bestows peace of mind and harmony. To raise a good mood, one should not take everything good for granted, but treat it as a blessing given from above, the greatest miracle. Then the joys will be genuine, and the dreams will be real.

Christmas mood

Why is the new year perceived as a time of miracles and amazing adventures in childhood? Why do adults often forget about this holiday and gradually lose the ability to rejoice? Maybe, over time, we unlearn to believe in a fairy tale, we miss our dreams? Few people know that the New Year mood is the result of constant work on oneself. The ability to be surprised, to believe in good and bright is inherent in each of us. Only some constantly cultivate this possibility in themselves, while others, on the contrary, drown it out. Develop the habit of enjoying the simple things. On the eve of the holiday, send congratulations to all your friends and acquaintances, maintain an appropriate mood in yourself, then it will last for a whole year!

Joy

Mood is an opportunity to experience a state of wholeness and peace. The feeling of joy reveals the potential of a person, leads him to new achievements. Whatever he conceived or wished - everything will come true thanks to a special optimistic attitude, which everyone should wish! How to achieve joy when everything around seems gloomy and dull? You need to remember your victories, about the people who are next to you. Perhaps the mere presence of close and significant people can create a miracle. That's what can easily Boris Pasternak's poems "Hoarfrost", "February" clearly demonstrate that the divine principle is contained in everything that surrounds us. It is important to learn to appreciate every moment, so that it does not go in vain, and enjoy all the opportunities that life opens up.

You can be satisfied not only with material values. Be sensitive, notice the beauty of nature, its special amazing breath, which will definitely be passed on to you. Believe in the eternal, fabulous, beautiful, but do not get fed up with your own desires. After all, when a person has nothing to desire, he, one way or another, begins to degrade. Be prepared to learn from Mother Nature, she is generous. Have the necessary - what is needed at the moment, do not be greedy, then achieve satisfaction, happiness.

Sadness

A fairly common emotion that goes into a steady state. When a person is sad, he cannot rejoice, because his positive feelings are blocked by a bad poisonous impression. A person feels terrible, it seems to him that no one loves him. Bright dreams seem at that moment irretrievably lost and infinitely distant. It is possible and necessary to work with sadness. Remember, mood is when you can do a lot and you have the ability to move for the better.

Sometimes the desire to mourn can be dictated by the need to rethink the events of the past, some significant moments that have occurred in a person's life. In this case, sadness is useful, and it does not need to interfere. It is only important that it does not drag on for a long time. No matter how hard it is, don't let yourself get sour by sitting in front of the TV all day. Remember, you can create mood for yourself. In fact, this is your direct responsibility. No one will come and entertain you. Those who are able to sincerely rejoice will never be alone. Drive sadness away from you, it has no place in your soul!

Boredom

It arises when a person has wasted himself on trifles. Human potential is not infinite, it must be constantly replenished in order to be able to fully live on and develop. Those who have missed their destiny and do not know often experience a state of boredom, the meaninglessness of what is happening. In order to fill it with something, a person seeks solace in gambling, alcohol, and other bad habits. It seems to a person that he lives, breathes, feels, exists. In fact, this is a big illusion that encourages him to be even more delusional.

Interest

This is a sense of life that leads to new achievements, discoveries, victories. Acting on enthusiasm, a person feels that he is capable of much and for him there is practically nothing impossible. If you think like that, then nothing will prevent you from achieving what you want. Only genuine interest opens doors where, it would seem, they were tightly locked. Fueled by great interest and euphoria, scientists made great discoveries, poets wrote poems, and musicians composed beautiful melodies that still live in our hearts.

Thus, mood is a whole complex of human states, his feelings, emotions, outlook on life, desires and opportunities. Without the appropriate attitude, we would probably not be able to do the simplest thing. Work on yourself, believe in a fairy tale, be ready to accept the miracles that happen to you!