Patriotism is the main quality of the defender of the Fatherland. Symbolism of military honor and glory

Celebrations dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day date back to the beginning of the last century. Today, on such a day, all men, without exception, are honored, because regardless of their age and the presence of an army rank, each of them is inherently ready to join the struggle for peace in their native land. The history of the Defender of the Fatherland Day holiday will help to penetrate deeper into the spirit of celebration, to understand its importance.

origins

In 1918, with the victory of the revolution, the former military units were to be disbanded. On January 15, a very significant event happened. The Council approved the decree on the creation of the Red Army. On January 29 of the same year, the fleet was formed. The new fighting force was able to repulse the previously existing order.

After the meeting of the people's forces, it was planned to hold campaigning events, they were being developed. Defender of the Fatherland Day was originally conceived as a one-time action.

first anniversary

On January 10, 1919, N. I. Podvoisky, who chaired the Supreme Council of the Red Army, sent a petition to celebrate the first anniversary of the founding of the Red Army and to carry out the planned actions on the day the document was approved.

The celebration was planned for the nearest Sunday from this date, in order to welcome the procession of military detachments.

The history of Defender of the Fatherland Day claims that the document was considered after some time. There was too little time left before the expected celebrations.

On January 28, 1919, L. B. Kamenev, who chaired the meeting of the Moscow Council, informed those present that the Red Army had been created a year ago, but due to technical obstacles, the events would be held on February 17.

The planned celebrations did not fall on a weekend. Therefore, the celebration, according to the facts that keeps it, was held on Sunday the 23rd.

The further fate of the celebration

Celebrated 4 years later on his 5th birthday. According to the sources of history about the formation of the Defender of the Fatherland Day holiday, the celebrations were national in scope. Activities were held the day before. A demonstration parade of troops and a festive meeting of the Moscow City Council were held.

Historical facts

In the year of the fifth anniversary, they tried to tie the date of the celebration to some historical plots.

The history of Defender of the Fatherland Day says that in 1923 a decree was recorded that the date determined earlier was the day the formation document was issued. During the same period, a decree was issued on celebrations dedicated to the anniversary of the formation of the army.

Defender of the Fatherland Day in Russia in those days assumed the involvement of the entire leadership of the party in organizing a national holiday and planning large-scale solemn actions.

Date falsification

Historically, Defender of the Fatherland Day was not timed to a specific date, and in 1923 attempts were made to substantiate the events with historical plots. And this was achieved with special zeal.

On February 5, a document of the Revolutionary Military Council was published, which stated that on February 23, 1918, a force was created to protect the Motherland from German invaders.

The published issue of the newspaper "Military Thought and Revolution" stipulated the creation of the main division of the new military power, formed in 1918 on February 23. Defender of the Fatherland Day is now celebrated on this date due to the publication in the "Military Bulletin" of a photographed copy of the document. Here there was a fact of substitution of the convocation, that is, the date was changed from January 15 to February 23.

Evidence of date change

The fact that the celebration of Defender of the Fatherland Day was inconsistent was recognized even at that time by some commanders of military units.

Military leader K. E. Voroshilov did not hide his doubts about the correctness of the chosen date. In the issue of the Pravda newspaper dated March 5, 1933, he said that the recognition of the date for the convocation of the Red Army was made without reason and was practically not confirmed by the facts of historical realities.

Also evidence of the discrepancy between the real actions that determine the celebration of Defender of the Fatherland Day is the short course on the history of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks released by I.V. Stalin in 1938, which stated that on February 23, 1918, the Soviet Army gave a decisive rebuff to the enemy aggressor near Narva and Pskov. It was these events that marked the creation of the military force of the state. According to archival sources, no military operations were recorded in this area.

Defender of the Fatherland Day in the post-war years

In post-war times, the celebrations dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day had a special, deep connotation. It simultaneously combined admiration for the might of the Motherland, and reverence for the feat of the soldiers-liberators, and a sense of the unity of the people who overcame the most terrible war of all times and peoples.

During the celebration of Defender of the Fatherland Day, people almost did not work at all, although at that time the day off had not yet been officially established. From lunchtime, festive tables were laid everywhere, and the celebration began.

Schools held a special lesson dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day. Children were instilled with a sense of respect for their people, relying on the heroic examples of courage and bravery of Soviet soldiers. The development of actions dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day was thorough and deep enough.

The choice of the day of celebration, although not entirely consistent with the realities of history, has become a folk tradition passed down from generation to generation. On the basis of the ideas laid down in it, whole generations of brave, fearless and devoted sons of their land have grown up. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of education with the idea of ​​paying honors to the defender of the Fatherland.

Influence on personality education

Defender of the Fatherland Day has a very powerful moral influence on the development of every person.

Honoring the spirit of the soldiers-defenders, the events that were dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day prepared the Soviet people to overcome difficulties and this helped to rally the people and direct this power towards the struggle for a common goal for all - peace and prosperity of their native land.

The generation, brought up in the spirit of honoring courage, valor in the defense of their Motherland, demonstrated countless feats of people in struggle and labor, ensuring the future of their descendants.

The whole deepest meaning of holding Defender of the Fatherland Day in Russia today is to educate truly devoted sons of their homeland on the heroic examples of legendary patriots, to demonstrate the power of the state.

The meaning of Defender of the Fatherland Day today

Since 2002, February 23 has been recognized as a public holiday. The history of the Defender of the Fatherland Day has many names. The current one was approved in 1995.

This testifies to the importance of the triumph in the life of the whole people and the recognition of its colossal influence on the development of the core of the personality of every citizen of the country.

The celebration of this day in the modern realities of life motivates people to become cleaner, more courageous, to feel their personal responsibility in ensuring peace and protecting the Motherland.

The idea that Defender of the Fatherland Day brings unites all people into one invincible force, brings up such qualities of character as will, courage, self-sacrifice, heroism.

Honoring the historical traditions, respecting the feat of arms of the defenders of their native land, everyone puts his shoulder to ensure the peace and prosperity of the Fatherland.

A very important meaning of celebrating this day is to demonstrate the power of the defense of the state, ensuring its independence and future. No wonder so many military reviews are held on February 23 in army units.

Much attention is paid to patriotic education. All these methods and activities ensure a worthy, respectful attitude of the people to their native land.

Modern events of Defender of the Fatherland Day

To date, the ongoing events are designed to agitate the younger generation to serve in the army, to instill in them a reverent sense of respect for their country.

Numerous reviews of military units and units contain a plan drawn up for the celebration. Defender of the Fatherland Day demonstrates the enormous power stored in this land. Military equipment, opening before the eyes of people, speaks of the great protection of the population and the integrity of the territory.

Pre-conscription youth is allowed to experience life in the army, preparing for future mobilization for military service. In the minds of the younger generation, this business should be associated with prestige and an integral attribute of a real man.

Classes dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day are planned in schools and other educational institutions of various levels. Moreover, information about the holiday is provided in an accessible form for children of any age.

The teacher must prepare interesting material by organizing the lesson. Defender of the Fatherland Day involves instilling respect for the Motherland in children.

More interesting information is presented in the form of films, multimedia and visual materials. Classes held for Defender of the Fatherland Day should help schoolchildren understand what place is given to the honoring of military affairs in the state.

The history of the Defender of the Fatherland Day holiday goes back to the origins of the formation of the Soviet state. From that time to the present, the celebration has a very great influence on the education of the younger generation and the formation of a sense of gratitude for every citizen. Honoring the traditions and paying tribute to the importance of holding the Defender of the Fatherland Day, the power and military training in the state is demonstrated. The significance of this holiday has always been very great, and remains so to this day.

A serviceman is, first of all, an armed defender of the Fatherland. In connection with taking into account the special duties assigned to a serviceman, he must possess a number of qualities necessary for the fulfillment of his high mission.

A true patriot consciously loves his Fatherland, is ready for any sacrifices and deeds in the name of it. Here is how the Russian writer and historian N. M. Karamzin said about this: “Patriotism is love for the good and glory of the Fatherland and the desire to contribute to them in all respects.”

First of all, a modern soldier must cherish honor. Honor is a moral quality worthy of respect, or, as the creator of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian Language, V.I. Dal, wrote, “the inner moral dignity of a person.” The dignity of a serviceman is expressed in respect for himself, in the awareness of his human rights, moral values, in appropriate exemplary behavior. Exemplary behavior includes observance of the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, legal acts regulating various aspects of military service.

Also, a serviceman is obliged to know and strictly observe the international rules of warfare regarding the treatment of the wounded and sick, the civilian population in the area of ​​hostilities, as well as prisoners of war. Humanity has always been an integral quality of the Russian warrior. Suvorov's "The Science of Victory" says this about it: "No less than a weapon, defeat the enemy with philanthropy. In defeat, give mercy to those who surrender in full. The townsfolk should not cause the slightest offense or anger.”

The principles of respect for the human person in conditions of military conflict are enshrined in four Geneva Conventions of 1949. They provide:

ensuring equality in the care of the wounded both on their own and on the enemy side, without any distinction;

respect for the personality of a person, his honor, family rights, religious beliefs, in particular the protection of the rights of the child;

prohibition of ill-treatment of prisoners, taking of hostages, extermination, torture, punishment without trial or investigation, robbery and unjustified destruction of property;

permission for delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross to visit prisoners of war and carry out humanitarian actions to help victims of war;

the prohibition to kill or injure an enemy who surrenders or ceases to take part in hostilities.

Captured participants in hostilities and civilians in the power of the enemy, including residents of the occupied territories, have the right to preserve their lives, respect their dignity, personal rights and convictions. They should have the right to correspond with their family and receive assistance.

The title of a warrior has always been honorable, and military affairs are considered to be the work of real men. But the conduct of war in modern conditions requires knowledge, and considerable knowledge, otherwise a more prepared enemy will easily defeat an enemy inferior to him in training. Therefore, one more duty of a modern soldier is to constantly improve his intellectual level, hone his combat skills and abilities, and increase the level of physical fitness. He must know the weapons and military equipment entrusted to him perfectly.

In order to carry the title of Defender of the Fatherland with honor and dignity, each serviceman must:

deeply realize personal responsibility for the defense of the Fatherland, conscientiously and honestly fulfill their official duties;

have a clear understanding of the high meaning of military service, the importance of combat readiness and combat readiness for the defense of the Fatherland;

be mentally, psychologically and physically prepared to overcome difficulties in the performance of military duty in peacetime and wartime;

observe the military oath, the laws of the Russian Federation and the requirements of military regulations in any conditions;

cherish the military glory of the Armed Forces of Russia and the military unit, the honor of the battle banner, their rank of Russian soldier, honor the combat traditions of the Armed Forces, their formation, unit (ship) and subunit.

Questions for self-control

How do you understand the honor and dignity of a soldier?

List the main qualities inherent in a soldier - the defender of the Fatherland.

What principles of respect for the human person in conditions of military conflict are enshrined in the Geneva Conventions of 1949?

Why should a modern soldier be an educated person?

Combat traditions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Patriotism and loyalty to military duty, the main qualities of the defender of the fatherland

Introduction

The combat traditions of the Russian Armed Forces are the rules, customs and norms of behavior of military personnel that have historically developed in the army and navy and are passed down from generation to generation.

Many states of the world have their own fighting traditions, the content of which is formed in each country, taking into account its historical characteristics.

Combat traditions are determined by the social and state system, as well as the nature of national characteristics and the purpose of the armed forces.

Each type and type of troops, infantrymen and tankers, pilots and sailors, each unit and each unit have their own unique traditions. As a rule, these traditions are associated with the history of a given team or branch of service, its professional features, heroic or other events.

However, there are many common traditions for all the Russian Armed Forces.

We draw strength and wisdom from Russia's heroic past and its military traditions.

The most important combat traditions of the Russian Armed Forces are:

1. devotion to the motherland, self-confidence, constant readiness to defend it;
2. fidelity to the military oath, military duty, mass heroism in battle;
3. fidelity to the Battle Banner of the military unit, the Naval ensign of the ship;
4. partnership;
5. tireless striving to master military professional knowledge, improve military skills, high vigilance, constant maintenance of the combat readiness of their unit, the ship.

Patriotism (from the Greek patris - homeland, fatherland) is love for one's homeland, people, its history, language, national culture.

Everyone should understand that patriotism is understood not only and not just love for the Motherland, but devotion to it, pride in it, the desire to serve its interests, to protect it from enemies. This is a purposeful activity for its progressive development and prosperity.

Loyalty to military duty

Patriotism always finds its expression in a sense of duty to the Motherland. Depending on the specific conditions of people's lives, the nature of their activities, the sense of duty takes various forms. Duties towards the Fatherland expresses patriotic, civic duty; to the armed defense of the country - a military duty, to comrades - a comradely duty. In whatever form the sense of duty may appear, it is always associated with public interests, with moral values ​​and actions. A high sense of duty helps each of us to resist temptations, from a wrong step, to maintain a clear conscience and dignity.

Fulfillment of duty shows the true face of a person, reveals the moral qualities of a person. No wonder people say. "Try to do your duty and you will know what you have."

From whatever republic, region, region a young man is called up for military service, he is responsible for the reliable protection of our common land, people, culture, relatives, friends, loved ones, that is, for our entire Fatherland. The security of the Fatherland largely depends on the depth and strength of the patriotic feelings of its defenders.

True patriotism is manifested not in words, but in deeds and, above all, in loyalty to one's constitutional, military duty.

Duty is a concentrated expression of certain duties of a person. The highest expression of duty is a civil, patriotic duty to the Fatherland.

The realization by each person of public duties as his personal ones, their clear implementation in life is the fulfillment of public duty. Without this, a full-fledged life of any organization, team, family, and even each individual person is impossible.

Military duty is a moral and legal norm of behavior of a serviceman. It is determined by the requirements of society, the state and the purpose of the Armed Forces.

Today, when our country is going through a crisis both in the spiritual and moral spheres, not everyone is rightly aware of their duty. In the pursuit of profit and pleasure, some citizens think only of themselves. They understand human decency and duty in a peculiar way - from the point of view of the priority of their egoistic ideas. This leads to an increase in crime in our society and moral distortions in the public mind. Some young people choose only money and personal well-being as their main goal in life. Some of them do everything to evade their military duty. This is detrimental to the country, and to these young people as well.

It is important for everyone to understand that military duty is not a wish, but an indispensable requirement of Russian society. Service in the army and navy knows no reservations: “I don’t want”, “I don’t want”, “I won’t”. One's "I want" or "I don't want" must be subordinated to the public "should", "should". Only the one who is able to break himself, his egoism and weakness, can be considered a real man, a warrior.

Military duty, in comparison with other types of public duty, includes additional moral duties inherent in the mission of the Armed Forces. Doing military duty is not easy. However, it must be faithfully executed, despite the difficulties encountered.

Simply and clearly expressed his attitude to the performance of duty three times Hero of the Soviet Union pilot-ace A.I. Pokryshkin: “The most important, the most sacred for me has always been a duty to the Motherland. I didn't stop at difficulties when they got in my way. He did not cheat either before his conscience or before his comrades. In battle, I tried to complete the task as best as possible ... inflict as much damage on the enemy as possible.

From time immemorial, a person is judged by his deeds. The power of duty is manifested in practical actions. The quality of the practical performance of duty is one of the moral characteristics of a person. It is not for nothing that a soldier who skillfully directs his knowledge, thoughts, feelings and will to fulfill an order, a combat mission, the requirements of military regulations, is said to be a conscious and morally mature military man.

What does it mean for a Russian soldier in modern conditions to be faithful to military duty? The answer to this question is very clearly given in the Federal Law "On the Status of Servicemen" (1998). “Defending the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, ensuring the security of the state, repelling an armed attack, as well as fulfilling tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation,” the Law says, “are the essence of military duty, which obliges military personnel to:

1. to be faithful to the Military Oath, selflessly serve their people, courageously and skillfully defend their Fatherland;
2. strictly comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the laws of the Russian Federation, the requirements of general military regulations, unquestioningly carry out the orders of commanders;
3. cherish the honor and military glory of the defenders of their people, the honor of military rank and military camaraderie;
4. improve military skills, keep weapons and military equipment in constant readiness for use, protect military property;
5. be disciplined, vigilant, keep state and military secrets;
6. comply with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation”.

The one who knows these requirements and daily, hourly follows them in his deeds and deeds, he shows loyalty to military duty.

A real citizen, a patriot-warrior always remembers his duty to the Fatherland and checks his life path by it, like by a compass.

The history of the wars that the peoples of Russia had to wage in defense of the Motherland is the history of military prowess and soldier's glory.

In difficult years for the Motherland, there has always been a rise in the morality of Russians. The high word "Fatherland" was associated with such concepts as "oath", "duty" and "feat" in the name of its protection and independence. In Russia, violation of an oath, treason to the Motherland has always been not only condemned, but also severely punished.

One of the clearest examples of the mass patriotism of the peoples of Russia was the Patriotic War of 1812. During this period, everyone stood up to defend the Motherland - the rich, the poor, the elderly, the young, men and women, that is, everyone who cherishes freedom and independence Motherland.

The traditions of patriotism and loyalty to the motherland were most evident during the Great Patriotic War, when the fate of the country was being decided. or directed a burning aircraft at a concentration of the enemy, the partisan died on the gallows, but did not become a traitor.

For courage and heroism shown in the battles against the Nazis, over 11.6 thousand soldiers were awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and more than 7 million people were awarded orders and medals.

At present, Russian soldiers, largely educated on the exploits of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, honor and increase their glorious military traditions. So it was in 1969 on Damansky Island, in 1978-1989. in Afghanistan, this happened again in the Chechen Republic in 1995-1996. and in the late 90s.

It would seem that the years of betrayal, lies and indifference should have erased in people, especially among young people, the historical memory of self-sacrifice, but this did not happen. The feat of the Pskov guards-paratroopers revealed to the whole world that the Russian people in our time have not lost their readiness to give their lives "for their friends."

There were 90 of them. Ninety paratroopers who blocked the way for the militants of Basayev and Khattab on an unnamed height near the village of Ulus-Kert, in the Argun Gorge of Chechnya. Ninety heroes who took on an unequal battle with two thousand bandits armed to the teeth. 84 guards died heroically, but did not let the enemy through. Their feat can be compared with the battle in the Thermopylae Gorge of three hundred Spartans against the hordes of Persians who were marching to conquer Greece. They all died, but by their feat-example they saved their Motherland.

Under Ulus-Kert, a company of Pskov Guards paratroopers stepped into immortality, into eternal life. Many beautiful words were said about them by politicians, marshals, floors. But how can they compare with the words of the widow of the Hero, Alexei Vladimirovich Vorobyov, Lyudmila, which sounded throughout the country: “I want Alyosha to know that I will raise his son the same as he.”

And those who love Russia will always remember that our boys fought to the death on an unnamed height. For us, for our children, for our Motherland!

Memory of generations - days of military glory of Russia

The victories of Russian weapons over the enemies of the Fatherland have always been widely celebrated by the Russian public. In the pre-October period, the Russian Orthodox Church established the so-called Victorian days, during which prayers and other festive events were performed. These were special days when society, honoring the army and navy, paid tribute to the military feat, glory and valor of its defenders, and serving people, rising above everyday life, in a special way represented the meaning of military service, deeply felt their involvement in the glorious deeds of our ancestors.

Reviving one of the best Russian military traditions, on March 13, 1995, the Federal Law “On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia” (No. 32-FZ) was adopted, the list of which included part of the victory days and the most outstanding events of military history as pre-October , and the Soviet periods.

In accordance with this law, the days of military glory of Russia are established:

April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle on the Ice, 1242).

September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380).

November 7 - Day of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612);

July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter I over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709).

August 9 - Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714).

December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790).

September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812).

December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853).

February 23 - Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser troops of Germany (1918) - Defender of the Fatherland Day.

February 2 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943).

May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (1945).

Friendship and military comradeship - the basis of combat readiness of troops

In ancient times, Slavic warriors, following the decisions that were made on military issues at a tribal meeting - veche, took an oath. The oath promised: in battle to fight to the death for the father, mother, brother and son, as well as for the life of their relatives. Getting a warrior into captivity was considered the greatest shame. Even then, the word of honor was highly valued. A warrior in any conditions had to be loyal to the military community. This ancient custom of mutual assistance and mutual assistance in battle has become one of the main in the military affairs of the Slavic squads.

The Russian army has always been distinguished by internal cohesion, a strong, unified military organism. The soldier saw and realized his strength in the military team, in which he was one of the members of a large and friendly family.

A soldier always values ​​military camaraderie and knows that if he rescues a comrade without sparing his life, then in a dangerous situation he himself will receive help.

military collective- a united group of people engaged in military service, performing tasks arising from the functions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

As a rule, these are military formations of various purposes and numbers. Their composition is usually determined by the organizational structure of the search. Military collectives are divided into primary (military subdivisions) and secondary (military units, military schools).

In the primary military collectives there is constant interpersonal communication and interaction.

The team has both an official (formal) and socio-psychological (informal) structure, which is formed on the basis of personal likes and dislikes. The nature of the relationship between formal and informal structures significantly affects the life and activities of the military collective, and the performance of its members of their military duty.

Through the primary military collective, the soldier enters the collective of the unit, feels his belonging to the corresponding formation, association, type of troops and branch of the Armed Forces. By the whole way of army life, the soldiers of the unit are placed in such conditions when in the classroom, on campaigns, on combat duty, in the barracks and on vacation, they act together, feel each other's elbow, the pulse of their team.

Service activities and behavior of military personnel, their relationships are regulated by laws, military regulations, instructions, instructions, orders and orders of superiors.

A young man drafted into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, being a member of a military team (squad, crew, platoon, company, combat unit), is obliged to fulfill his constitutional duty. He must be faithful to the Military Oath, skillfully, courageously, not sparing his life to defend the Motherland.

In many ways, this is facilitated by the military team, where relationships are built on high morality and mutual respect. Glasnost, social justice, mutual trust, friendship between warriors of different nationalities, respect for their feelings, religions, traditions (customs) - this is the norm of his life and work.

The head of the military collective is the commander-one-man. He is responsible for rallying units, military education of subordinates, for creating a comradely atmosphere and fighting mood in the team. The commander speaks to the soldiers not only as an educator, but also as a comrade, a member of a single military team, to whom his honor, successes in training and combat are dear. The military collective has great educational potential and influences in many respects the actions of soldiers and their behavior. The educational role of the collective is determined by the strength of its influence, the purposefulness of practical activity, mutual exactingness, the nature of relations between soldiers, established traditions, and so on.

The strength of the military collective lies in its moral impact, expressed in the form of public opinion. Evaluation of the team is a strong moral stimulus for the business and social activity of a soldier, prompting him to constant self-improvement, equalization at the forefront, and the development of collectivism. Each serviceman is imbued with a sense of responsibility not only for his own work, but also for the work of the entire military team. An important means of educating servicemen in a team is a positive example.

The spirit of camaraderie, the beauty of human relationships has always contributed to victory.

The problem of patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent today. The idea of ​​patriotism at all times occupied a special place not only in the spiritual life of society, but also in all the most important areas of its activity - in cultural, ideological, political, economic, military, etc.
The concept of patriotism is diverse in its content - it is respect for the culture of one's country, and a sense of inseparability with the outside world, and pride in one's people and one's Motherland. And although many impressions are not yet deeply realized by the child, but, passed through the child's perception, they play a huge role in the formation of the personality. The formation of a person's personality begins at preschool age, the main component of this concept is the feeling of patriotism, manifested in love and affection, devotion and responsibility, the desire to work for the benefit of the region, to protect and increase its wealth.
What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on the parents and the adults around him, on how they bring him up, what impressions they enrich him with. Therefore, in my work, I pay great attention to this. After all, what our country will be like in the future, how Russians will live in 20-30 years depends on how seriously and responsibly we will bring up in children today and now love and respect for the big and small Motherland, for victories and achievements, traditions countries; instill in children a sense of pride and reverence for the symbols of the Russian Federation - the coat of arms, flag, anthem, other Russian symbols and historical shrines of the Fatherland.
To achieve this goal, one of the effective forms of work is the preparation and holding of public holidays dedicated to important events in the history of the country: "Defender of the Fatherland Day", "Victory Day".
It is important to first think over the content of the holiday, which meets the interests and capabilities of children of this age, and the involvement of the parents of the pupils. For the holiday dedicated to the "Defender of the Fatherland Day", I prepared a presentation for children on the types of troops of the modern army of the Russian Federation. Children and their parents prepared short messages about warships and submarines, about service dogs, about border troops, etc. They learned and sang the anthem of the Russian Federation, patriotic songs “Defenders of the Fatherland” (V. Ryazanov) with the removal of the flag of the Russian Federation, “Oh, shoulder straps” (P. Sasin). We talked about the people who stand guard over the Motherland in our peacetime. The fact that not only men, but also women serve in the army. Together with the girls, we prepared a sports and dance composition “Come on, girls” (music by I. Dunaevsky, lyrics by V. Lebedev-Kumach).
At the holiday, dads and older brothers showed their dexterity in the games-competitions "The Russian soldier is rich in ingenuity", "Assemble a machine gun". The boys of the preparatory group showed their physical fitness, overcoming the obstacle course to the musical accompaniment - O. Gazmanov's song "Border".
On the eve of May 9, a solemn holiday dedicated to Victory Day is traditionally held in our kindergarten. In preparation for this holiday, I conducted thematic classes with the children, talked about the fact that victory was forged both at the front and in the rear, both the military (soldiers, officers) and the civilian population, and men and women, and even children.
At the celebration, we attached a St. George's Ribbon to each child's chest - a symbol of victory in the Great Patriotic War. Watching the cartoon "Partisan Snow Maiden" caused anxiety and feelings of empathy in children, pride in the little girl who, overcoming fear, completed the task, handed over the note to the partisans.
And the children and I sang songs of the war years (“Katyusha”, “In the Dugout”), and most importantly, they later sang them with pleasure not only in kindergarten, but also at home and at festive events in the city of Shchelkovo. The children and I told each other about what we know about those of our families who fought during the Great Patriotic War. Children previously received the task to learn about it from their parents and then proudly shared it with everyone. And after May 9, the children told which of them was a participant in the procession of the Immortal Regiment.
Festive events in our kindergarten on the occasion of Victory Day continued with a solemn procession of pupils of senior preschool age, teachers and parents to the monument to the fallen soldiers of Shchelkov's hometown, for laying flowers. With respect and in complete silence, the children bowed to the heroes.
And then, within the framework of the project and the implementation of social partnership, they were present at the solemn line dedicated to Victory Day at MBOU secondary educational school No. 4 named after. P.I. Klimuk, Shchyolkovo. The general festive atmosphere left an indelible impression in the hearts of preschoolers, which they shared with their loved ones at home.

February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day. The history and traditions of the holiday for children of the preparatory group

Sorvanova Olga Anatolievna
Description: The material is intended for kindergarten teachers, primary school teachers, parents, older preschoolers and younger students.
Purpose: The material is designed for organized educational activities, class hours, cognitive conversations.
Target: Patriotic education of children.
Tasks:
1. To get acquainted with the history and traditions of the holiday.
2. Introduce epic and fairy-tale heroes, talk about what unites them with people of military professions who are currently living.
3. To instill a sense of pride in their homeland, respect for the soldiers who defended our homeland in different periods of its history.
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Today we celebrate a wonderful holiday - Defender of the Fatherland Day. This holiday reminds us that everything we hold most dear can be at risk. And the duty of each of us, if necessary, is to defend our Fatherland.

Even in ancient times, warriors were not afraid to fight for their homeland with a sword in their hands. In ancient times, heroes fought with enemies. These are the brave defenders of the Fatherland. And every boy should be just as strong and smart and be ready, when he grows up, to defend his homeland at any moment.
Since hoary antiquity, warriors and soldiers have been respected by society as defenders of the life and property of civilians in their country. Their life, full of dangers, adventures, long hikes and the rich booty that they brought from these campaigns, aroused curiosity and pride.
This holiday had several names:
- Day of the Soviet Army;
- Birthday of the Red Army;
- Birthday of the armed forces and the navy.
Now this holiday is called Defender of the Fatherland Day ...
Why exactly February 23 is considered the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland, and not any other date?

Initially, February 23 was celebrated as the birthday of the Red Army in honor of the victory over the German troops. The day of the first victory was the birthday of the army. This, as it were, marked her fate for the future. Starting with a victory, since then it has more than once smashed the enemies of our Motherland. There was not a single invader who did not feel the power of her weapons.
The army began to be called the Soviet, and then the Russian, and February 23 was annually celebrated in the USSR as a national holiday - the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy. After the collapse of the USSR, February 23 was renamed Defender of the Fatherland Day. On February 10, 1995, the State Duma of Russia adopted the federal law "On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia", in which this day is called: "February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day."
By tradition, on Defender of the Fatherland Day, everyone who fought, fought and defended the honor of our Motherland is treated with honor and respect.
Particular attention is paid to young men and boys who have yet to serve in the army. Great hopes are pinned on them in the further defense of our Motherland. In many cities on February 23, festive concerts, processions and various parades are held. Active military personnel, Russian pop stars, as well as veterans perform at them.
In all educational institutions, solemn events and performances dedicated to this holiday are held, where veterans and combatants also come. TV screens broadcast live from Red Square, large stadiums and parks. The streets of various cities are decorated with bright and colorful posters with congratulations and decorative items.
Congratulations and gifts are accepted on this day by fathers and sons, brothers and husbands, work colleagues and colleagues.