Examinations in the second trimester of pregnancy. Child development: second trimester of pregnancy

The second trimester of pregnancy is rightfully considered the most calm, measured and comfortable for the expectant mother. The initial fears, anxieties and concerns are already behind us, but at the same time the woman still feels her former lightness and mobility, so she can do her usual work without much effort, only avoiding excessive stress.

Mental communication with the baby, who is comfortably located in her tummy, allows a woman to tune in to the upcoming motherhood and feel unity with the new life that has arisen. A child, even in the womb, feels all her thoughts, so a calm attitude towards his own situation and the world around him in general will create the most favorable conditions for the development of the fetus.

An expectant mother pregnant with her first child may ask: what is the second trimester? What week does this period begin and when does it end?

According to the generally accepted classification, the second trimester of pregnancy includes the time from 13 to 26 weeks of pregnancy, i.e. the middle of this period. Its main difference from the first trimester is that all the fetal organs are already practically formed, and from the third - that the size of the pregnant woman’s abdomen is still relatively small, and the fetal body weight is also quite low.

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What happens in the second trimester

The main thing that is characteristic of the second trimester of pregnancy is the further development and improvement of all fetal organs, the rudiments of which were formed earlier. By the end of this period, the child looks like a newborn and even has a chance of survival in case of premature birth.

The second trimester is rightfully considered the most comfortable, as the woman begins to feel better than in the first weeks of pregnancy. The likelihood of miscarriage decreases, so the expectant mother can worry less about possible complications. According to statistical studies, only 25% of miscarriages occur in the second trimester. Such spontaneous abortions are also called late miscarriages. But this happens quite rarely, so the expectant mother should not worry too much.

A great joy for a woman in the second trimester is the movement of her baby. The first movements, which are still barely noticeable, are perceived by the pregnant woman as a sign that the baby is alive and is making itself known in this way.

Another pleasant moment for the expectant mother is the opportunity to find out the sex of the baby during an ultrasound examination and even see her baby in the pictures obtained using an ultrasound machine.

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In most cases, gender can be determined quite accurately, and only in some cases the baby is embarrassed to demonstrate his distinctive gender characteristics.

Fetal development

During the entire second trimester, the fetus changes significantly in appearance. If at the very beginning of this period its weight was no more than 20 grams, and its body length was about 7 cm, then at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy the baby already weighs from 850 g to 1000 g, while the body length in the coccyx-parietal size is 23- 24 cm, and at full height - about 35 cm. Thus, from a tiny embryo it becomes a rather large, strong one weighing almost a kilogram.

If you trace the development of the fetus by calendar months, then in the fourth month of pregnancy the following changes occur:

The fetal skeleton grows and strengthens rapidly.
The abdominal organs develop.
The kidneys take their rightful place and begin to secrete urine.
The stomach, gall bladder and intestines of the fetus begin to function.
The cerebral cortex is intensively formed.
The adrenal glands begin to produce hormones.

In the fifth month of fetal life, the following occurs:

The fetus begins to move so intensely that the woman feels its movements. As a rule, in pregnant women for the first time this occurs at 19-20 weeks, and in subsequent pregnancies - at 16-18 weeks.
The glands of the endocrine system are actively functioning: the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, etc.
The spleen produces blood cells.
The skin of the fetus is covered with a special lubricant.

The following changes occur in the body of a six-month fetus:

During waking hours, the fetus moves actively, the rest of the time it sleeps. The total duration of sleep during the day is 16-20 hours.
The fetus can make breathing movements, but the lung tissue still does not expand.
The mass of the brain increases rapidly. By the end of the sixth month it reaches 100 grams.
The higher parts of the cerebral cortex develop. The baby’s mental abilities are formed, as well as a penchant for creativity. Some experts believe that if a woman suffers from depression at this time, then her child may subsequently also develop a tendency to this illness.
The fetal sense organs begin to function.

The placenta also undergoes great changes. Starting from the 14th week, the placenta fully provides the functions of transferring nutrients from the mother’s body to the fetus. In addition, this organ reliably protects the baby from the negative effects of toxic substances, mechanical shocks and other factors.

Changes in the body of the expectant mother

In order to ensure the process of growth and development of the fetus, the pregnant woman’s body works in an enhanced mode. The load on all systems increases: endocrine, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, etc.

During the second trimester of pregnancy, the following changes occur in the female body:

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After the 20th week, the uterus may periodically become toned, and the woman may feel slight contractions, the so-called Braxton-Hicks training contractions. Thus, the uterus performs a kind of exercise aimed at preparing for the upcoming birth.
Under the influence of certain hormones, the mammary glands continue to increase in size. The skin around the nipples darkens a little, and colostrum may be released from the nipples themselves.
Due to the rapid development of the fetus and an increase in the body's need for nutrients, iron deficiency anemia may occur, a condition that in some cases requires drug correction. But you should not prescribe iron-containing medications yourself, because moderate anemia in pregnant women is a completely normal phenomenon that can be corrected with a balanced diet. But foods rich in iron (apples, buckwheat porridge) can be consumed without special restrictions.
Since the enlarged uterus puts pressure on the intestines, a pregnant woman may experience constipation. You can get rid of this problem by eating enough foods containing fiber: fruits, vegetables, cereals.
Many women may experience heartburn. It occurs most often in the second trimester and can continue until the moment of birth.
The amount of vaginal discharge in a woman may increase. If this is not accompanied by itching, burning and other unpleasant symptoms, and the discharge has a whitish tint, then there is no need to worry. Otherwise, you should consult a doctor, because this condition can be dangerous.
During the second trimester, some women may experience swelling. Swelling occurs more often in the third trimester, closer to the time of birth, so the appearance of alarming symptoms in the middle of pregnancy should alert the expectant mother.
Women prone to varicose veins may notice in mid-pregnancy that the veins in their legs have become bulging and nodular vascular formations have appeared. In order to prevent the occurrence of vein diseases, it is recommended to move more and change body position as often as possible.
Skin pigmentation may occur in certain areas, mainly in the abdomen, sometimes on the face. After giving birth, your skin color will return to normal, so don't worry about it.

Feelings during this period

In the second trimester of pregnancy, the expectant mother may experience a whole range of sensations:

The mood becomes more stable, self-esteem increases, and the level of anxiety noticeably decreases. The reason for the normalization of the emotional state is the stabilization of hormonal status, as well as the fact that the woman has already become accustomed to her new status as a future mother.
It becomes more difficult for a pregnant woman to tolerate temperature changes, physical and emotional stress. In order to prevent deterioration of well-being due to the influence of these factors, it is necessary to provide yourself with at least a minimum level of comfort, dress according to the season, and also rest regularly.
Thanks to the appearance of the baby's first movements in the middle of the second trimester, the woman begins to more clearly feel that there is a new life inside her.

Tests and examinations in the second trimester

During the second trimester, the doctor will recommend that the expectant mother attend an antenatal clinic every two weeks. During each examination, the specialist will measure the volume of the abdomen and determine the woman’s body weight. In addition, starting from week 16, the doctor will measure the height of the uterine fundus.

Additionally, at this time, the following tests will be prescribed in the second trimester of pregnancy, as well as certain types of examinations:

general blood analysis;
Analysis of urine;
antibody analysis with a high probability of Rh conflict between the mother and fetus;
ultrasound examination of the fetus;
tests to determine the level of certain hormones.

The last two types of studies are part of the second prenatal screening, which consists of performing an ultrasound and determining the level of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), and estriol.

Using a triple test, you can identify possible defects or disorders in the development of the fetus, including chromosomal abnormalities.

As a rule, the second prenatal screening is prescribed at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy. If results indicate possible abnormalities in fetal development, the woman may be advised to undergo a more detailed examination by a geneticist and perform tests such as chorionic villus sampling or late amniocentesis. This will identify possible chromosomal abnormalities.

If there are other indications, for example, signs of gestosis or cardiac dysfunction, pregnant women undergo other types of tests (ultrasound of the kidneys, cardiography, etc.). You should also keep in mind that the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is the optimal time to visit a dentist, ENT specialist and other specialized specialists.

Main hazards and risks

The greatest danger for the expectant mother in the 2nd trimester are the following situations:

Premature termination of pregnancy. This pathology can be classified as spontaneous abortion or premature birth. A fetus born before 22 weeks is considered non-viable, while a baby born later has some chance of survival.
Pathologies of the cervix, in particular, isthmic-cervical insufficiency. In such cases, premature thinning and dilation of the cervix occurs, which significantly increases the risk of miscarriage or childbirth. The main method of treatment is suturing or installing special devices on the cervical area. The optimal time for correcting this pathology is 18-22 weeks.
Preeclampsia, accompanied by the appearance of edema, increased blood pressure, and detection of protein in the urine. Signs of gestosis may appear after 20 weeks. This pathology poses a serious danger not only to the fetus, but also to the woman, as it significantly increases the risk of serious complications, including heart attack or stroke.
Intrauterine infection of the fetus due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the mother’s body, including pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases.

Many pregnant women would like to receive more information about the so-called critical periods of pregnancy. Dangerous weeks of the second trimester are the period from 18 to 22 weeks, when pathologies such as cervical dilation, defects in the location of the placenta (incorrect presentation, placement in the area of a previously operated scar, etc.), infection of the fetus with ureaplasma, chlamydia and other pathogens may appear. infectious diseases.

The editors of Useful Tips offer you a detailed list of what you need to do during the second trimester of pregnancy so as not to forget anything. During this period, it is very important to prepare for the upcoming changes in the life of the expectant mother.

Play sports

If you haven't started playing sports yet, the 2nd trimester is the time. Walking in the fresh air or exercising specifically for pregnant women will help maintain your health and the health of your baby.

Take your vitamins

Check with your healthcare provider to see if you need to take any vitamins to help prevent potential health problems.

Get some tests done

During this period, you will need to have the most important tests, such as blood glucose tests and ultrasound, which allow you to assess your health and the development of the baby.

Clothes for pregnant women

You may still feel great in your regular clothes, but soon your belly will start to grow. Take care of your wardrobe in advance. You don’t have to buy everything new; perhaps you have friends or acquaintances who still have maternity clothes in excellent condition. In addition, today you can find many sites where young mothers give away for free or sell very cheap things that they no longer need.

Childbirth assistant

Nowadays, many women invite an experienced midwife to help in the last months of pregnancy, attend birth in a maternity hospital, or even supervise birth at home.

Take care of yourself

Despite the fact that during pregnancy all your attention is directed to the well-being of the child, you must not forget about yourself! Go to the cinema, chat with your beloved friend or read an interesting book. Do what makes you happy and your baby will feel it.

Use moisturizers

If you've already started moisturizing your skin, don't give it up! If not, be sure to purchase moisturizers designed for the skin conditions during pregnancy. This will help neutralize the negative effect of hormonal fluctuations and prevent the appearance of stretch marks.

Think about your baby's name

In the second trimester of pregnancy, it is already possible to determine the sex of the unborn child. So, it's time to come up with a name for him. Don't put it off until later. When the baby is born, you will have no time to calmly think about it. But you shouldn’t make such an important decision in haste! Don’t forget, your child will go through life under this name, so you shouldn’t give in to a momentary impulse, follow a momentary fashion, or choose a humorous name. Your child may not appreciate your joke when he grows up.

Consult the child's father. It will be important for him to participate in the process of choosing the name of his heir. If you can't quickly come up with an option that suits both of you, have each write a list of 10 names. By discussing each other's proposals, you will definitely find the best option.

If the ultrasound doesn't reveal the baby's gender, which sometimes happens, come up with a plan B: Choose a name for both a girl and a boy, buy things in a neutral color that will suit the baby of either gender. Or try doing an ultrasound a little later.

Record your dreams

During the second trimester of pregnancy, you will wake up more often than usual, so you will remember your dreams well after you open your eyes. Keep a diary and write down everything you dream about during this magical period. When it ends, you will be interested in re-reading the memories of the quirks of your consciousness.

Sign up for pregnancy courses

These courses will help you learn a lot about pregnancy, childbirth and caring for a newborn. Find out more about programs and prices. There are organizations that offer free courses for pregnant women. Some of them require the presence of a partner. Find out from the future father how he feels about this and whether he wants to enroll in any course for future parents.

Select a maternity hospital

In the second trimester of pregnancy, you need to decide where you want to give birth. Visit those that are closer to home or those that interest you for some reason. Think over plan “B” - an alternative to the chosen maternity hospital.

Control your financial condition

With the arrival of a new family member, expenses will increase. Try to calculate how much. Collect information about social benefits for pregnant and new parents.

Think about where to leave your child

Think about when you want to return to work and who you can trust with your baby. Do you think it's too early to think about this now? But this is the best time to solve it without stress and worry.

Prepare your home for the arrival of your baby

Don't put off home renovations and renovations until the last minute. If the implementation of your plans is delayed for any reason and the house is not ready for the arrival of a newborn, you risk significantly complicating your life. Each of these events - renovation and a small child - is troublesome in itself, but imagine them together.

If you are planning to order something online or for home delivery, do not forget that the seller may delay the shipment of the goods for some reason. Delivery usually takes longer around any holidays or holiday periods.

Prepare older children

Sometimes with the arrival of a younger brother or sister, older children feel abandoned. Show them the baby’s room and what you are buying for him, share your plans and dreams. Let the older brother or sister get involved in the process and join in the general euphoria of anticipation for the new family member.

Don't forget about pets

Don't forget about our little brothers. They will also need to be prepared for joining the family.

Go to the dentist

Pregnancy often has a negative impact on dental health. Visit your dentist for advice on what you can do to keep your mouth healthy during this important time.

Organize your Baby Shower

Midway through your pregnancy is the time to start planning your baby shower. This tradition came to us from the States. Previously, friends of a pregnant woman organized a small celebration, which was held before the birth. Nowadays, more and more often, the expectant mother herself organizes her own baby shower. Don't leave it until the last minute so that it doesn't have to be canceled if the baby is born early.

Change the position you sleep in

Try to sleep on your left side. It is believed that in this position the child receives more nutrients.

Make a list of necessary things

Your loved ones may want to help you purchase the necessary items. So don't rush to spend money. Share with them a list of items needed, including important details, and ask them to choose what they can give. This way you will avoid unnecessary waste and unnecessary things.

Study the prices and characteristics of the most expensive items and choose those that are right for you.

Remove the rings from your fingers

During pregnancy, many women experience swelling of the extremities. Therefore, it is better to remove all jewelry on your fingers in advance. If any ring is already stuck on your finger, try to remove it in the evening, not in the morning. Swelling that appears in the morning usually subsides in the evening.

Plan your trip

Before your growing belly adds weight and difficulty, spend some time with your man. Traveling together to some unfamiliar place will add new emotions to your couple, distract you from everyday stress and strengthen your relationship. Don't forget that it is still important for your partner to feel loved and important.

Get plenty of rest

Calmness and relaxation are the key to a healthy pregnancy. You should stay away from activities that involve excessive physical exertion or activities that are potentially dangerous to you or your child.

Eat well

During the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, you will need to increase your calorie intake by 300 daily. Therefore, be very careful about your diet.

What to do throughout pregnancy

Drink water

Try to always have a bottle of water with you. It is generally recommended to drink about 8 glasses of water every day. But it is better to discuss this with your doctor.

Keep fit

Stretching, gymnastics and walking are very good for the health of the fetus.

Sleep during the day

If possible, take a nap during the day. Your body contains a new life, a small, rapidly developing person. Therefore you need more energy.

Have snacks

It's important to always have something healthy on hand to snack on when you feel hungry. This way you can avoid the temptation to eat the first thing in sight and avoid overeating during your main meals.

Use relaxation techniques

During pregnancy, it is important to remain calm, which is not always possible. Try different relaxation techniques and choose the ones that suit you. Try to take a few minutes every day to relax.

Watch your weight

Monitor how you gain or lose weight. But don’t worry about every gram! It is enough to give preference to “healthy” products and avoid excesses.

Watch a video about which foods are recommended during pregnancy.

Save these moments

When your pregnancy ends, you will remember it with a smile, because it is truly an unforgettable moment. Capture your most special moments in photographs, short stories or poems for an occasional nostalgic moment with your family. We are sure your child will be happy to know how welcome he was.

Don't forget about yourself

You are not only an incubator of new life, but also a woman. You shouldn’t feel remorse if you want to spend time with your loved one.

Share with friends

Register on the forum for pregnant women and young mothers. Perhaps there you can find answers to your questions. But you should not blindly trust the experience of others, because your pregnancy is unique. Therefore, consult your doctor before trying anything that may affect your health or your baby's development.

And the last Helpful Tip: enjoy your pregnancy, because it is a unique time. Even if you have many children, each of them will behave differently in the womb.

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What vitamins should I take?

The second trimester of pregnancy is traditionally called the “golden period of pregnancy.” After all, usually by this time the toxicosis has subsided, and the belly is not yet so large as to cause discomfort in the expectant mother. This period marks the development of the baby’s basic systems and organs. For this process to go well, the pregnant woman must follow all the recommendations of the gynecologist and take certain micronutrients. In the second trimester, it is minerals that come to the fore, the deficiency of which can jeopardize the pregnancy itself.

Entering the second period of pregnancy, the expectant mother should pay attention to the following vitamins and minerals:

Iron;
Calcium.

These micronutrients can be obtained from the diet by selecting it correctly, or taken additionally in the form of tablets if the results of a biochemical blood test show their deficiency.

Iodine is usually prescribed to women at the planning stage of pregnancy, since this element is important in the functioning of the thyroid gland. Then, when pregnancy occurs, it is responsible for the metabolism and proper development of the child. This is why it is so important not to stop taking iodine supplements in the second trimester. Iodine should be taken throughout pregnancy and lactation. Its deficiency will provoke the growth of goiter and disorders of the immune system. It has been proven that 250 mg of iodine every day contributes to the birth of children with a high IQ.

The most common complication of the second trimester of pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia. It causes a decrease in the protective function of the body, increased tone of the uterus, weakness, drowsiness, disruption of placental blood flow and even fetal hypoxia. Laboratory anemia is diagnosed using a general blood test, so before visiting a gynecologist it is necessary to regularly conduct this study. If the hemoglobin level drops below 110 g/l, the doctor recommends following a special diet and prescribes iron supplements in tablets or syrup. This element is best absorbed in the afternoon along with folic acid or vitamin C.

In the 2nd trimester, the pregnant woman’s need for calcium increases, since the child needs it for the formation of the skeleton, as well as the nervous, genitourinary and endocrine systems. The daily norm of this element is 1500 mg. Calcium deficiency leads to fetal growth retardation, cramps and muscle pain in a pregnant woman. It is also believed that calcium deficiency during pregnancy affects the development of rickets in the newborn. This is due to the fact that it is in the prenatal period that the bone apparatus and milk teeth are formed. However, an overdose of calcium can create additional stress on a pregnant woman's kidneys, so it is important to calculate the exact amount of calcium in your diet with your gynecologist. This micronutrient is best absorbed together with vitamin D and in the evening.

Tone

Increased uterine tone - every second woman hears this diagnosis throughout almost the entire duration of pregnancy. Is it dangerous and what should be done with such a diagnosis?

Tone can appear in any of the three trimesters of pregnancy and is characterized by tension and involuntary contraction of the muscles of the uterine walls. At this time, the woman feels pain similar to pain during her period (the lower abdomen begins to ache and pull). In rare cases, a pregnant woman does not feel any discomfort. With this option, it will be possible to detect increased tone during an ultrasound examination.

Symptoms and causes of increased tone

When uterine tone occurs, the pregnant woman experiences pain, as with the onset of menstruation, often this is accompanied by peculiar contractions, and it seems that the stomach begins to “turn to stone.” It is especially dangerous if such contractions are accompanied by bloody discharge from the vagina.

The greatest danger is the occurrence of hypertension in the first trimester. Usually during this period, this condition is associated with a disruption in the production of the hormone progesterone and requires observation and treatment, otherwise there is a risk of losing the child.

In the 2nd trimester, tone may appear more often (from about 20 weeks), but this happens without pain. This condition is called training contractions. If the tone is accompanied by prolonged pain with a long duration, this can provoke hypoxia in the child.

Any of the following reasons can provoke tension in the uterus: Rh conflict (if the pregnant woman has a negative Rh and the fetus has a positive Rh), toxicosis, thyroid diseases (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism), sex, viral diseases (influenza, ARVI), physical activity increased complexity, stressful situations, sedentary lifestyle.

Treatment methods for tone

If the above symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor. If the doctor does not detect any serious changes, then special medications will be prescribed - antispasmodics, magnesium and vitamin B6 (no-spa, Magnelis B6). Hormonal drugs - utrozhestan or duphaston are prescribed for disturbances in the production of the hormone progesterone. In more serious cases, hospitalization will be prescribed.

Taking any medications without a doctor's prescription during pregnancy can cause negative consequences - both for the pregnant woman and for her unborn child, so entrust the treatment to a specialist.

When tone occurs, it is important to balance work and rest, not to be nervous, do light exercise and try to spend more time in the fresh air. Be sure to eliminate nicotine and alcohol. And most importantly, fully comply with all recommendations prescribed by your doctor.

Possible problems

What problems can a pregnant woman expect from the fourteenth to the twenty-sixth week of pregnancy?

There are several of them:

Breast enlargement and/or nipple irritability;
False Braxton Hicks contractions in the lower abdomen and groin;
A growing belly and active weight gain, as a result;
Heartburn due to increased acidity in the gastrointestinal tract;
Changes in skin pigmentation are possible;
Stretch marks on the skin, sometimes accompanied by itching;
Snoring is possible as a result of swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx;
Softness of the gums, sometimes accompanied by bleeding;
Dizziness as a result of changes in blood pressure;
Leg cramps;
Dyspnea;
Vaginal discharge;
Urinary tract infections.

The body of the expectant mother is being rebuilt and changing - all these ailments are physiologically determined. However, it is not a fact that the whole range of problems will necessarily accompany the second trimester of pregnancy. These are possible (hypothetical) difficulties. For many pregnant girls, little on this list bothers them in the 2nd trimester. Don't forget that your positive attitude is very important!

What not to do in the 2nd trimester?

It is not recommended for expectant mothers from 14 to 26 weeks of pregnancy:

Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption;
Experience stress, irritation, overwork;
Wear tight, restrictive clothing;
Lift objects weighing more than three kilograms;
Steam in a high temperature bath for more than 15 minutes;
Take medications without a doctor's prescription.

Sex in the 2nd trimester

During a normal pregnancy, sex in the second trimester is not contraindicated. However, young spouses should avoid “extreme” positions when making love. The partner must be attentive and careful, not forgetting about the “interesting” position of the partner.

Many expectant fathers, observing their spouse's growing belly, do not initiate sex for fear of harming the fetus. However, this is more myth than reality. If your desires are mutual, if the chosen position is comfortable for the expectant mother, mutual joy from sex will only strengthen your relationship without any harm to the unborn child.

Colds and other ailments

A pregnant girl can take any medications only after agreeing with her doctors. For example, during a routine examination at the antenatal clinic with your gynecologist. Many medications are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women, as they can adversely affect the health of the fetus and lactation, respectively.

Therefore, in order not to take additional medications, it is important for the expectant mother to try not to get sick. For example, avoid colds or acute respiratory viral infections. In this regard, it is important to strengthen your immune system in advance - at the stage of preparation for pregnancy (the development of immunity is promoted by: taking multivitamins, hardening, regular walks and physical exercise).

During flu epidemics (February-March), try not to visit public places with high concentrations of people to reduce the risk of infection. Avoid hypothermia or overheating, regularly ventilate the room in which you are located.

Stay positive and don't get overwhelmed. Remember that very soon you will give life to a new person. Let the thought of this miracle help you smile more often and rejoice during the happiest time in every woman’s life!

The 2nd trimester of pregnancy is considered the most pleasant for a woman. Toxicosis has already left her, the drowsiness and constant feeling of malaise have gone away, but her stomach is not very large yet and does not cause physical discomfort to the expectant mother. At the same time, the middle of gestation has its own characteristics and “whims” that are best followed in order to avoid the threat of miscarriage.

2nd trimester of pregnancy - how many weeks does it start?

The second trimester consists of three calendar months and 14 obstetric weeks. Sometimes young and inexperienced mothers get confused about the due date, because they don’t know exactly what week the second half of their pregnancy begins and ends. This is due to the fact that medical and calendar values for the period of gestation differ by 1.5-2 weeks.

In obstetric practice, it is generally accepted that the 2nd trimester begins at the 14th week and ends at the 27th week inclusive. According to experienced mothers, this time can rightfully be called the most wonderful time in the life of a pregnant woman, who is not yet tired of the precious “burden”, but has already gotten rid of all the unpleasant symptoms of getting used to the new state, manifested in the form of nausea and emotional outbursts.

Signs of pregnancy in the 2nd trimester

The second trimester promises serious physical changes for the expectant mother. At this stage, the belly is significantly rounded and weight increases. Important processes also take place in the body of a pregnant woman: the breasts continue to fill and enlarge, the uterus begins to “warm up” before childbirth, and heartburn may appear due to the growing tummy. These signs may include swelling of the legs and shortness of breath, peeling of the skin and stretch marks, which are considered harmless symptoms, the appearance of which can be avoided by following the basic “rules” for pregnant women.

Dangerous symptoms:

nausea (late toxicosis)
severe pain in the lower abdomen
increase in body temperature
fainting
bleeding

If any of these signs appear, you should immediately seek medical help, as they may indicate fetal fading or the threat of spontaneous abortion.

The most pleasant sign of the second trimester is the movement of the baby, who first begins to push his mother at 16-18 weeks. This is an unforgettable feeling that even experienced mothers cannot describe in words - some feel as if air bubbles are bursting in their stomach, while for others, the baby’s first kicks resemble a “rumbling” stomach.

Discharge during pregnancy in the second trimester

In the second trimester, compared to the first 14 weeks, vaginal discharge in pregnant women intensifies and changes structure. If in the first trimester they were practically no different from “non-pregnant” ones and were similar to the consistency of egg white, then from the fourth month they may acquire a milky tint and a slightly sour smell.

Heavy discharge in the second trimester is a consequence of hormonal changes in the body and is considered an absolute norm if it does not change color and is not accompanied by itching or burning.

Dangerous emissions include:

mucous discharge with an unpleasant odor. They appear if a pregnant woman develops bacterial vaginosis, which requires immediate treatment.
Pinkish, liquid discharge, which indicates leakage of amniotic fluid.
Yellowish or greenish shades of discharge signal that an infection has entered the body.
Bloody, spotting discharge is the most dangerous. They may be a sign of a threatened miscarriage or fetal fading. They can also appear due to problems with the cervix, which are also a serious reason for urgent medical attention.

The causes of bloody, most dangerous discharge, can be various factors, ranging from genetic failures and hormonal disorders, to infectious diseases and the mother’s lifestyle. In any case, if they occur, you need to consult a gynecologist who can adequately assess the situation and, if necessary, make a prescription to stop the possible process of termination of pregnancy.

Sex in the second trimester of pregnancy

Sexual activity in the 2nd trimester is quite acceptable and is even recommended by obstetricians. Contraindications to sex may be pregnancy complications, when the expectant mother is at risk of miscarriage or other complications.

If the doctor gives the green light for sex, then you can safely make love with your husband. Moreover, against the background of hormonal changes, for many women in the middle of pregnancy, sex brings even more pleasure than in the “non-pregnant” time.

Nutrition for a pregnant woman in the second trimester

With the disappearance of toxicosis, pregnant women almost always return to their usual appetite. This happens at 14-16 weeks, when the expectant mother’s body has fully adapted to pregnancy. Many mothers, rejoicing that they can finally eat from the heart, begin to eat “for two,” which is considered the wrong approach. A pregnant woman's diet should be balanced, since overeating, as well as undernutrition, will negatively affect the development of the baby and can even lead to retardation of its intrauterine development.

The correct menu for the second trimester should be dietary. It is important that it contains proteins, vegetable fats and carbohydrates, as well as a complex of vitamins necessary for the child. The basis of nutrition in mid-pregnancy, according to the recommendations of nutritionists, is best to include simple but rich in valuable nutrients and microelements foods (meat, fish, liver, cereals, vegetables and fruits, dairy products), and prepare dishes from them without “restaurant” food. slope No rare steaks - all food must be cooked.

You should also exclude sweet and flour products, ketchup and mayonnaise, smoked meats and other store-bought “delicacies” from your diet as much as possible. These foods can lead to fluid retention in the body, cause a surge in blood sugar levels in a pregnant woman, and also cause excess weight gain.

Tests in the second trimester of pregnancy

From the second trimester, women have to visit an antenatal clinic more often and undergo an examination by a gynecologist, since during this period it is very important to monitor the development of the fetus, problems in the development of which most often appear in the period from the 15th to the 25th week.

In addition to a visual examination of the pregnant woman, measuring the volume of the abdomen and the height of the uterine fundus, the gynecologist prescribes a general blood and urine test. With their help, the level of hemoglobin in a pregnant woman is determined, a low level of which can lead to fetal hypoxia, and the functioning of the mother’s kidneys, a failure of which provokes the development of late toxicosis.

Also, at 16-18 weeks, a pregnant woman may be offered to undergo a “triple test” - a biochemical screening that reveals chromosomal abnormalities and fetal malformations.

Methods for terminating pregnancy in the second trimester

It is possible that pregnancy may be terminated in the second trimester. This process can take place either naturally or mechanically. Indications for late-term abortion are: fetal death, chronic diseases of the mother, emerging infections, genetic and chromosomal pathologies in the child, spontaneous miscarriage.

If a late miscarriage could not be avoided or for other reasons termination of pregnancy is inevitable, then women are offered a choice of two abortion options: medical and mechanical. Gynecologists give more preference to artificial childbirth (the so-called medical termination), which is induced with the help of special drugs. This process is similar to natural childbirth, as a result of which the woman’s body experiences less stress than after mechanical “cleaning,” which is fraught with serious consequences and complications, including infertility.

Do's and don'ts in the second trimester

The second trimester, like the first and third, has standard prohibitions that it is important for a pregnant woman to adhere to so as not to harm the baby. The categorical taboos include:

drinking alcohol and smoking
stress and physical activity
self-medication even for a mild cold
taking hot baths
visit to the solarium
sleeping on your stomach

Also, gynecologists advise, at the time of active growth of the baby, to refuse tight clothes made of synthetic fabrics, high heels, and beauty procedures that are carried out using chemical compounds.

At the same time, at 4-6 months you can safely travel, do yoga or water aerobics, and even visit a Russian bathhouse, in which it is possible to regulate the air temperature.

And don’t forget that every pregnant woman’s body has its own “surprises” that need to be adjusted to individually. Therefore, experts recommend listening to your condition and not running to the gymnastics specified in the “rules” if your stomach is stretching or your legs are very swollen.

In the second trimester, the main organs and systems of the fetus are already formed. During these 3 months, further improvement and development of functional systems takes place:

Development of the brain and nervous system. In parallel, the active development of sense organs occurs, primarily in terms of hearing and tactile sensations.
Formation of the genital organs and reproductive system (ultrasound can already determine the sex of the unborn child).
Formation and strengthening of the skeleton and bone tissue. Development of the muscular system. Formation of subcutaneous fat layer.
Development of intestinal functions - formation of villi, first muscle movements (peristalsis).
Complete launch of the functions of the kidneys and urinary system.
The beginning of the work of the endocrine glands and the functioning of the endocrine system.

Features and dangers of the second trimester of pregnancy

In conventional obstetric management of pregnancy, the 2nd trimester begins at 13 and ends at 26 weeks. At this time, the fetus grows quite slowly and gradually. In the middle of pregnancy, which occurs at 21 weeks, the fetus can be compared in size to an average apple. Subsequently, the unborn child will begin to actively build up subcutaneous fat and gain weight.

As a rule, in the middle of the term, the size of the abdomen begins to noticeably increase in volume. The changes concern not only the increase in the waist of the expectant mother, but the bone structure of the pelvis. The expansion of the pelvic bones gradually begins, as one of the stages of preparation for labor. Important features and symptoms of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy include the first sensations of the baby’s movements, which occur between 18 and 20 weeks. This standard indicator is considered conditional, since much depends on the size and activity of the fetus, the sensitivity of the mother’s nervous system, and the order of pregnancy. During the second and subsequent pregnancies, the first movements may be felt starting from the 16th week.

All expectant mothers are interested in the question of why the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is dangerous. In the first trimester, the threat of miscarriage occurs in the very first weeks; it can arise due to problems with the movement of the fertilized egg through the tube and implantation into the uterine endometrium. Having successfully passed this period, and protecting herself from increased emotional and physical stress, a woman can calm down. The next dangerous stage occurs from 18 to 22 weeks. It is during this period that there is a risk of so-called “late miscarriage”.

The threat arises for the following reasons:

ICI (isthmic-cervical insufficiency). A dangerous condition of the uterine muscles, in which the muscles cannot support the weight of the growing fetus and relax. As a result, pathological premature dilatation of the cervix occurs, which can lead to the threat of early labor. It should be noted that such a disorder is extremely rare and is most often caused by individual developmental defects and aspects of a woman’s health. The cause of the development of this pathology is most often problems of hormonal balance (lack of progesterone, excess of androgens), trauma to the pelvic organs, complications of a postoperative nature (dilation of the cervix), in case of polyhydramnios or multiple pregnancies. The main problem of ICI is the fact that it occurs practically without symptoms; only a doctor can suspect it during examination, and confirm it with the help of a special study - hysterosalpingography. It is possible to prevent preterm labor with ICI by placing sutures on the cervix or using an obstetric device to support the uterus (pressarium).
Incorrect location of the placenta. This type of pathology occurs in cases where the placenta is located too close to the os of the uterus. Depending on the type of disorder, there are complete, partial, lower central, lateral, posterior, anterior, and marginal placenta previa. The cause of presentation is various factors:

changes in the uterine mucosa caused by inflammatory processes or surgical interventions (uterine factor);
enzyme deficiency caused by previous salpingitis or hormonal imbalance (fetal factor);
underdevelopment of the female genital organs (congenital factor);
tumor neoplasms, abortions, inflammatory diseases of the endometrium, cervix, ovaries. Placenta previa is detected by a doctor when listening to the fetus; symptoms of this pathology include spotting (in extreme cases - bleeding), high position of the uterus. For an accurate diagnosis, it is enough to do an ultrasound in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy (planned or urgent according to indications). The danger of presentation lies in the threat of intrauterine fetal death or the risk of premature birth. Treatment, usually medication, is developed individually.

Sexual infections. The danger of sexually transmitted infections is that they can disrupt the protective functions of the placenta. Untimely detection of infectious and inflammatory diseases can lead to intrauterine infection and fetal death, partial or complete leakage of sexual fluid. That is why it is very important to undergo a full examination at the very beginning of pregnancy and take repeated tests in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. This need is due to the fact that many infections occur latently, causing chronic inflammation. If the infection entered the woman’s body immediately before conception, then during the first examination the pathogen may not be detected, since the pathogen is in an incubation period. Most sexually transmitted infections can be successfully treated, which eliminates the development of a threat to the unborn child.

Normal and anxiety states during pregnancy

The state of health of the expectant mother in the second trimester of pregnancy is usually good and calm. Toxicosis of the first months has already ended by this time, the body has fully adapted to the new state, and the emotional background has leveled out. However, some problems still occur. Some of them fit into accepted standards, others require attention from specialists, additional research and correction.

The most common physiological factors that may bother a pregnant woman in the 2nd trimester include:

Toxicosis of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is one of the pathological conditions and is considered a threat to the normal development of the fetus. As a rule, toxicosis is accompanied by a general deterioration in health, weakness, and swelling, which threatens the development of gestosis.
Edema in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is a common phenomenon; in non-critical conditions, it is within normal limits. The appearance of slight swelling of the legs (legs and feet) at the end of the day is caused by the growing uterus, which puts pressure on the vessels of the internal organs and the urinary tract. Swelling of the face and body may indicate disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system and in such cases, consultation with a doctor is necessary. What to do with swelling during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy? To improve fluid separation, experts recommend drinking herbal infusions, periodically resting the body, raising your legs above the level of your body, and doing light, simple exercises. Severe swelling in combination with other symptoms and poor health is a serious reason to consult a doctor.
Tone in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is part of the norm, if its manifestations are not critical and do not last long. Symptoms of uterine tone during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy are characteristic tension of the abdominal muscles, which is manifested by a feeling of hardness and petrification of the uterus. Short-term attacks are explained by hormonal changes that continue to occur in the body. A dangerous sign is prolonged or very frequent manifestations of uterine tone during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. In this case, there is a need for examination to eliminate the threat of developing hypertonicity.
Hypertonicity of the uterus during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, strong pressure on the inguinal and pubic area, and pain in the lower pelvic area. If your lower back hurts in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, this may also be one of the signs of hypertension. The danger of hypertonicity lies in the risk of developing oxygen starvation of the fetus (due to poor circulation in the placenta) and the threat of premature birth (due to increased stress on the muscles and cervix). Therefore, it is important and necessary to pay attention to frequent and prolonged pain during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The cause of hypertonicity is most often emotional shocks, complications after suffering an acute respiratory infection during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, hormonal disorders, and inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. To identify the causes and eliminate the threats, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner and undergo an examination.
Abdominal pain during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy can be completely safe and understandable. Often in women during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the stomach hurts on the right side; this may be due to intestinal compression. The enlarging uterus, to one degree or another, affects organs located in close proximity in the abdominal cavity and pelvis. As a rule, if the stomach hurts on the right side during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, then this symptom is also accompanied by constipation. When the stomach hurts on the lower right side during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the cause may be hidden in the load on the round ligament that supports the body of the uterus. If the stomach is pulled during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, then this type of pain syndrome is explained by stretching of the smooth muscles of the uterus. In general, pain in the right and lower abdomen during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester is considered normal if it is not very intense and is not accompanied by other pathological symptoms.
Headache in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is caused by a number of reasons. The main reason is natural hormonal changes - increased levels of progesterone and estrogen, which affect vascular tone. In the background there will be changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system and postural disorders caused by an enlarged abdomen. If you have a headache in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, then you need to treat the headache with caution. Of the approved drugs, paracetamol and drugs based on it are considered the safest.
Changes in blood pressure can also be caused by changes in a pregnant woman's hormonal balance. A slight decrease in blood pressure is considered normal, but if the pressure drops below 90/60 mm Hg. Art., it is worth contacting the gynecologist leading the pregnancy. With a strong decrease in blood pressure, there is a threat of oxygen starvation of the fetus (hypoxia), and the risk of developing placental insufficiency increases. What to do during pregnancy 2nd trimester of pregnancy? Hypotension during pregnancy is dangerous, so you should not endure the ailments associated with it. Experts advise resorting to non-medicinal methods of increasing blood pressure - eating more fruits and vegetables, drinking green tea, hibiscus, infusion of viburnum berries, taking tinctures of Eleutherococcus, rosea radiola, and zamanikha in limited quantities.
Discharge in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy can vary significantly. Most often, women experience clear, watery discharge without color or odor during this period. They may have a slightly slimy consistency and a whitish tint. There should be no irritation or pain during the discharge. If there is blood in the discharge or it takes on an unpleasant bluish tint, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester are common, but are not a normal condition. The occurrence of hemorrhoids can have many causes - poor circulation in the pelvis, increased load and pressure on blood vessels, heredity, stress, poor diet, frequent constipation. For the safe treatment of hemorrhoids, many pharmaceutical preparations are suitable for pregnant women - suppositories with propolis, heparin ointment, suppositories and Relief ointment.
Iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women is a condition in which the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood is reduced. When hemoglobin decreases below the level of 110 g/l, there is a risk of developing gestosis, complications in the fetus, premature leakage of amniotic fluid, and weakness of labor. The hemoglobin level during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester should normally be 110-140 g/l. If this indicator decreases, you need to undergo drug therapy and develop a diet based on foods high in iron.
Allergies during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester, like other health disorders, are caused by an increased load on the immune system of the expectant mother. Factors that increase the risk of developing allergic reactions are stress and emotional distress, the consequences of toxicosis in the first trimester, unhealthy unbalanced diet, frequent contact with chemicals (household chemicals, cosmetics), and environmental conditions. Treatment of allergies in the second trimester is broader than in the initial stage of pregnancy, since the placental barrier has already been formed and the fetus is protected from the effects of many drugs. When treating allergies, you can use antihistamines Diazolin, Pheniramine, Prednisolone. A special diet and vitamin complexes, enhanced with B vitamins and ascorbic acid, will help strengthen the immune system.

Diagnosis and research in the second trimester of pregnancy

Pregnancy management involves routine examinations, examinations and diagnostic procedures. Before each visit to the doctor, a woman undergoes a general urine test, which serves as a control test along with a routine examination and measurements. At 20-23 weeks, that is, in the middle of pregnancy, routine screening is prescribed, which includes laboratory and instrumental studies.

List of tests for the 2nd trimester of pregnancy:

a general urine test allows you to identify the threat of developing preeclampsia (based on traces of protein), infection (based on bacteriuria), as well as timely detect other abnormalities;
general blood test - assessment of the work and condition of internal organs and systems, hemoglobin level;
ESR during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester shows the number of blood particles and makes it possible to estimate the rate of blood renewal; this indicator changes throughout pregnancy.

In addition to laboratory tests, an ultrasound scan is prescribed in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. According to the approved obstetric plan, this occurs at 20-24 weeks. The study evaluates:

fetal condition;
consistency in its development;
ratio of skeletal bones;
interparietal dimensions of the head;
amount of amniotic fluid;
condition of the placenta;
checking motor activity;
umbilical cord location;
determining the sex of the child.

Thanks to the second planned ultrasound, serious abnormalities in the development of the fetus and conditions that threaten the further successful course of pregnancy can be identified. This information helps to take timely measures to correct and eliminate possible risks.

Features of treatment of diseases in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy

During pregnancy, the treatment of even the simplest diseases must be approached with special attention. Many drugs and treatments are not recommended or even strictly prohibited for pregnant women. However, often, despite all the efforts and precautions, a woman still falls ill with an acute respiratory infection or the flu, so it is necessary to know at least general information about acceptable remedies and methods of therapy.

Cold

Colds during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy are a common occurrence, often caused by a decrease in the immunity of a pregnant woman. When the body's protective functions are reduced, acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections can cause a lot of trouble. The treatment of colds during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester must be approached carefully and comprehensively, not forgetting about caution in the selection of medications and therapeutic methods. Many medications for treating colds during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester are strictly prohibited.

How can you treat a cold during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester? Depending on the symptoms and nature of the disease, gentle pharmaceutical and folk remedies can be used to treat acute respiratory infections:

Cough during pregnancy can have very unpleasant and dangerous consequences, so treatment and prevention should begin at its first manifestations. To treat cough, you can use herbal preparations and herbal medicine. It is useful to drink warm herbal teas (linden, chamomile, sage) with honey and lemon (in the absence of allergies); warm (but not hot) inhalations with medicinal plants and essential oils (tea tree, fir, mint, eucalyptus) are recommended. Compresses on the bronchial area will help speed up the removal of mucus (you can use a solution of dimexide in a ratio of 1:5 or cabbage leaf with honey). It is better not to take cough medicines without a doctor’s recommendation or choose herbal remedies - Mucaltin tablets, Bronchipret, licorice root syrups, marshmallow, sage.
Runny nose. Pregnant women are not recommended to use vasoconstrictor medications for the common cold; it is better to use medications based on essential oils and sea water.
Temperature. If a cold is accompanied by a fever, it should be brought down when the readings are above 37.5-37.7 degrees. You can reduce your temperature during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy with paracetamol-based drugs (Panadol). In extreme cases, when there is a high temperature or when paracetamol is ineffective, ibuprofen-based products (Nurofen) can be used.

How dangerous is a cold during pregnancy 2nd trimester? The danger of acute respiratory infections is that a strong cough causes increased muscle tension, including the abdominal and uterine muscles, which can lead to tone and hypertonicity. And these conditions are fraught with the threat of late miscarriage and premature birth. In addition, a cold during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester can have consequences in the form of disturbances in the development of the fetus, especially with a severe bacterial infection. It is better not to treat acute respiratory infections on your own, but to consult a doctor immediately.

Angina

Sore throat in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy carries a high risk for the unborn baby. This is due to the fact that sore throat in most cases is infectious in nature. Migration of purulent discharge can cause inflammation of other internal organs, intoxication of the body and penetration of infection through the placenta into the uterine cavity. If your throat begins to hurt during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, treatment should be started immediately and comprehensively to avoid possible consequences and complications.

Sore throat during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester can be treated with antibacterial aerosols and topical antibiotics. Gargling with medicinal plants, not hot inhalations, and plenty of warm drinks are recommended. Antibiotics are prescribed to pregnant women with great caution in cases where other methods do not produce a visible effect. Tetracycline antibiotics are strictly prohibited; if necessary, drugs based on penicillins and cephalosporins are used.

ARVI and influenza

ARVI during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy with timely and adequate treatment can pass without consequences and complications. There are no reliable medical facts that ARVI during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester has a serious impact on the development of the fetus. Viral infections are more dangerous at the beginning and end of pregnancy. However, at the first symptoms of influenza during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester, it is necessary to begin comprehensive treatment aimed at suppressing the viral infection and strengthening the body’s protective functions.

Treatment of ARVI during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. The treatment package should include:

antiviral drugs allowed during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester (Ocillococcinum, Anaferon, Aflubin, Ergoferon, Grippferon);
means that strengthen the immune system (Beresh Plus drops, Limontar, Viferon suppositories);
vitamins to maintain general tone and body resistance (Magne B6, Elevit pronatal).

ARVI is often accompanied by fever, so a woman is faced with the question of how to reduce her temperature during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester. As already mentioned, a temperature of up to 37.5 degrees during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester is considered safe; it does not need to be reduced. If the temperature rises, then it can be treated with Paracetamol, Ibuprofen (or drugs based on these substances). Among the folk remedies, vinegar rubs (a solution of table vinegar with water in a 1:1 ratio), warm tea with raspberry jam, and berry fruit drinks are recommended.

What consequences can ARVI have during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester? With timely and high-quality treatment of a viral infection, in most cases it is possible to avoid any complications, both for the expectant mother and the fetus. The threat arises with prolonged absence of treatment. In this case, fetoplacental insufficiency, oxygen starvation of the fetus, disturbances in the development of the nervous and endocrine systems and pathology in the formation of bone tissue in the unborn baby may develop.

Thrush

The development of thrush during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester is due to several factors - changes in hormonal balance, decreased immune function, exacerbation of chronic diseases, endocrine disorders. Characteristic signs of candidiasis are copious curdled discharge, itching and irritation of the mucous membrane of the external genitalia. When the first symptoms of thrush appear in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, treatment should be started immediately, as a fungal infection can cause a number of complications. These include infection of the ovum, premature leakage of amniotic fluid, and infection of the child during childbirth.

How to treat thrush during pregnancy 2nd trimester? It’s worth noting right away that taking tablets for thrush during pregnancy is not recommended. You can use topical medications in the form of vaginal suppositories, tablets and ointments. The most effective remedies are Pimafucin, Hexicon, Terzhinan, Clotrimazole. In addition to drug treatment, it is necessary to follow a diet excluding excessively sweet and spicy foods and baked goods. And consume more dairy products, vegetables and moderately sweet fruits.

Herpes

A decrease in the functions of the immune system leads to the frequent appearance of symptoms of herpes on the lip during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester. The herpes virus, once in the blood, remains in the body in a latent state and manifests itself when the immune system is weakened and the body is under increased stress. The appearance of a cold on the lip during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester can be caused by hypothermia, emotional and physical fatigue.

Herpes during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester is treated with external medications based on acyclovir. In severe forms and acute symptoms, antiviral drugs are taken orally as prescribed by a doctor.

Drugs in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy

Medicines and pills during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester should be taken only after consultation with a gynecologist who is monitoring the woman’s condition. Among the most popular products are:

Sedatives - during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, many women experience strong emotional distress, so if necessary, they may be prescribed medications to relieve stress. Among the approved drugs, the leading ones are those based on medicinal plants (motherwort, lemon balm, valerian). These include Persen, Novo-Passit, Magne B6. On the recommendation of a doctor, you can take homeopathic remedies (Glycine).
It is not advisable to take painkillers during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. If necessary, you can take No-shpa and Ibuprofen in limited quantities and once. Analgesics should be completely avoided.
During the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, it is better to take vitamins in their natural form, that is, eat more vegetables and fruits. If you need to support your immune system and exclude hypovitaminosis, you can use special vitamin and mineral complexes. To determine which vitamins to choose during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester, you need to consult your doctor. Studies have shown the effectiveness of drugs such as Elevit pronatal, Vitrum prenatal; for allergy sufferers, the best option is AlfaVit classic.

It should be understood that any medications during pregnancy are best taken after consultation and approval of a doctor.

Nutrition and diet in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy

The diet during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester should be based on the most healthy foods possible. The menu during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester should contain a sufficient amount of proteins (eggs, lean meat and fish, seafood), fresh vegetables, herbs, fruits and berries, cereals, and dairy products. When creating a menu during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester (especially if a diet is prescribed), you should limit the consumption of baked goods, sweets, desserts, and fatty foods. Completely eliminate smoked meats, pickles, marinades, and fatty sauces. In addition to the composition of the diet, it is worth paying attention to the methods of cooking; it is better to give preference to safe methods - boiling, stewing, baking, steaming.

For drinks, you should choose non-carbonated mineral water, green, fruit and herbal teas, freshly squeezed juices diluted in half with water. It is not recommended to drink coffee during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy; in extreme cases, to raise blood pressure, you can drink a cup of weak drink with milk. You should also exclude carbonated drinks and factory-made juices.

Risks of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy

Most diseases during pregnancy can be successfully treated with safe medications. Dangerous pathologies include chickenpox during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester. This disease is easily tolerated in childhood, and in adults it is accompanied by high fever and severe skin rashes. In addition to chickenpox, dangerous pathologies include undetected sexually transmitted infections - toxoplasmosis and chlamydia.

The result of these infectious diseases can be a frozen pregnancy in the 2nd trimester. It is in the middle of pregnancy that intrauterine fetal death most often occurs. This can be triggered by infectious, autoimmune and hormonal factors. You can prevent a frozen pregnancy if you regularly visit your doctor and carry out the necessary examinations. Based on characteristic changes in laboratory test results, a specialist can determine in advance the presence of a threat and take measures to eliminate it.

The middle of pregnancy is a completely comfortable period for the mother, when there is no need to radically change her habits. The most frequently asked questions are the following aspects of life:

Sex during pregnancy 2 trimesters. Most couples expecting the birth of a child are interested in the question of whether it is possible to have sex in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. According to experts, intimate life does not harm the development and well-being of the unborn baby. Sex is even beneficial for the expectant mother, since when aroused, blood circulation in the uterus increases, and pleasure hormones improve the woman’s emotional state. Male hormones and enzymes give elasticity to the genital tract and the walls of the uterus, which will facilitate tissue stretching during labor. An important aspect is the choice of sex position during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester. In the first half of pregnancy, almost all positions are still available to a woman, excluding difficult positions with pressure on the abdomen and lower pelvis. The most optimal positions for sex during the 2nd trimester are from behind, on the side, or reclining.
Dental treatment in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Sanitation of the oral cavity is one of the most important requirements for pregnancy management, so dental treatment must be carried out at the initial stage. If there is a need for dental treatment during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, there are no contraindications to this. Dental treatment often requires x-rays, which raises many questions during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Blind treatment is associated with a certain risk, so during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy it is better to take a dental x-ray. The risk of negative effects of X-ray radiation increases in the last stages and before childbirth.
Flying during pregnancy 2nd trimester. Mid-pregnancy is considered the safest period for travel, including by air. In the first trimester, inconvenience for a woman may be associated with toxicosis; in the last weeks, there is a risk of premature birth due to the stress of flight. In the second trimester, these problems have either already passed or have not yet occurred.

Attention! This article is posted for informational purposes only and under no circumstances constitutes scientific material or medical advice and should not serve as a substitute for an in-person consultation with a professional physician. For diagnostics, diagnosis and treatment, contact qualified doctors!

Number of reads: 2029 Date of publication: November 29, 2017