Adaptation of a child to a new school, examples of experience. New school

In general terms, this process is understood as the individual’s adaptation to a new environment and conditions. Such changes have an impact on the psyche of any person, including children who are forced to adapt to the garden.

You should understand in more detail what adaptation to kindergarten is. First of all, it requires enormous energy expenditure from the child, as a result of which the child’s body is overstrained. In addition, one cannot discount the changed living conditions, namely:

Moms and dads and other relatives are absent nearby;
it is necessary to maintain a clear daily routine;
need to interact with other children;
the amount of time devoted to a particular child decreases (the teacher communicates with 15 - 20 kids at the same time);
the baby is forced to obey the demands of other people's adults.

So, the baby’s life changes radically. In addition, the adaptation process is often fraught with undesirable changes in the child’s body, which are expressed externally in the form of violated behavioral norms and “bad” actions.

The stressful state in which the child is trying to adapt to changed conditions is expressed by the following states:

disturbed sleep– the child wakes up with tears and refuses to fall asleep;
decreased appetite (or complete absence)– the child does not want to try unfamiliar dishes;
regression of psychological skills– a child who previously spoke, knew how to dress, use cutlery, and go to the potty, “loses” such skills;
decreased cognitive interest– kids are not interested in new play equipment and peers;
aggression or apathy– active children suddenly reduce their activity, and previously calm children show aggressiveness;
decreased immunity– during the period of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten, resistance to infectious diseases decreases.

Thus, the adaptation process is a complex phenomenon, during which the child’s behavior can change dramatically. As you get used to the kindergarten, such problems disappear or are significantly smoothed out.

Degrees of adaptation

The process of adaptation of a child in kindergarten can proceed in different ways. Some children quickly get used to the changed environment, while others worry their parents for a long time with negative behavioral reactions. It is by the severity and duration of the above problems that the success of the adaptation process is judged.

Psychologists distinguish several degrees of the adaptation process that are characteristic of preschool-aged children.

In this case, the baby joins the children's team in 2 - 4 weeks. This type of adaptation is typical for most children and is characterized by the accelerated disappearance of negative behavioral reactions. You can judge that a child easily gets used to kindergarten by the following features:

he comes and stays in the group room without tears;
when speaking, looks teachers in the eye;
able to voice a request for help;
is the first to make contact with peers;
able to occupy himself for a short period of time;
easily adapts to daily routine;
responds adequately to educational approval or disapproval remarks;
tells parents how classes went in the garden.

How long does the adaptation period in kindergarten last in this case? At least 1.5 months. At the same time, the child often gets sick and demonstrates pronounced negative reactions, but it is impossible to talk about his maladaptation and inability to join the team.

When observing a child, it can be noted that he:

has difficulty parting with his mother, cries a little after separation;
when distracted, forgets about the separation and joins the game;
communicates with peers and teacher;
adheres to the stated rules and routines;
responds adequately to comments;
rarely becomes the instigator of conflict situations.

Difficult adaptation

Children with a severe type of adaptation process are quite rare, but they can easily be found in a children's group. Some of them show open aggression when visiting kindergarten, while others withdraw into themselves, demonstrating complete detachment from what is happening. The duration of addiction can range from 2 months to several years. In especially severe cases, they talk about complete maladaptation and the impossibility of attending a preschool institution.

The main characteristics of a child with a severe degree of adaptation:

reluctance to communicate with peers and adults;
tears, hysterics, stupor when parting with parents for a long time;
refusal to enter the playing area from the locker room;
reluctance to play, eat, or go to bed;
aggressiveness or isolation;
inadequate response to the teacher’s address to him (tears or fear).

It should be understood that absolute inability to fit into kindergarten is an extremely rare phenomenon, so it is necessary to contact specialists (psychologist, neurologist, pediatrician) and jointly develop an action plan. In some cases, doctors may advise you to postpone visiting a preschool educational institution.

What influences a child’s adaptation?

So, the period of adaptation of children in kindergarten always proceeds differently. But what influences its success? Experts include age characteristics, child health, degree of socialization, level of cognitive development, etc. among the most important factors.

Often, parents, trying to get to work early, send their child to kindergarten at two years old, or even earlier. However, most often such a step does not bring much benefit, since a young child is not yet able to interact with peers.

Of course, every child is a bright individual, however, according to many psychologists, it is possible to identify an optimal age period that is most suitable for getting used to kindergarten - and this is 3 years.

It's all about the so-called crisis period of three years. As soon as the baby passes this stage, his level of independence increases, his psychological dependence on his mother decreases, therefore, it is much easier for him to part with her for a few hours.

Why shouldn’t you rush to send your child to preschool? At the age of 1 - 3 years, the formation of child-parent relationships and attachment to the mother occurs. That is why prolonged separation from the latter causes a nervous breakdown in the baby and violates basic trust in the world.

In addition, one cannot help but note the greater independence of three-year-olds: they, as a rule, have potty etiquette, know how to drink from a cup, and some children are already trying to dress themselves. Such skills make it much easier to get used to the garden.

Health status

Children with serious chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, etc.) quite often experience difficulty adjusting due to the characteristics of the body and the increased psychological connection with their parents.

The same applies to children who are often sick for a long time. Such babies require special conditions, reduced loads and supervision of medical personnel. That’s why experts recommend sending them to kindergarten later, especially since the pain will disrupt their preschool attendance schedule.

The main problems of adaptation of sick children in a nursery group:

an even greater decrease in immunity;
increased susceptibility to infections;
increased emotional lability (periods of tearfulness, exhaustion);
the occurrence of unusual aggressiveness, increased activity or, conversely, slowness.

Before entering a preschool institution, children are required to undergo a medical examination. There is no need to be afraid of this; on the contrary, parents will have the opportunity to once again consult with doctors about how to survive the adaptation with minimal losses.

Degree of psychological development

Another point that can prevent successful adaptation to preschool education is a deviation from the average indicators of cognitive development. Moreover, both delayed mental development and giftedness can lead to maladjustment.

In case of delayed mental development, special correctional programs are used to help fill gaps in knowledge and increase the cognitive activity of children. Under favorable conditions, such children catch up with their peers by school age.

A gifted child, surprisingly, also falls into the risk group, since his cognitive abilities are higher than those of his peers, and he may also experience difficulties with socialization and communication with classmates.

Level of socialization

A child’s adaptation to kindergarten involves increased contacts with peers and with unfamiliar adults. At the same time, there is a certain pattern - those kids whose social circle was not limited to their parents and grandmothers are more likely to get used to the new society.

Those children who rarely interacted with other children, on the contrary, find it difficult to adapt to changed conditions. Poor communication skills and the inability to resolve conflict situations cause an increase in anxiety and lead to reluctance to attend kindergarten.

Of course, this factor largely depends on the teachers. If the teacher gets along well with the child, adaptation will noticeably speed up. That is why, if possible, you should enroll in a group with the teacher whose reviews are most often positive.

Stages of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten

Adaptation of children is a heterogeneous process, so experts identify several periods characterized by the severity of negative reactions. Of course, such a division is rather arbitrary, but it helps to understand how successful the addiction will be.

The first stage is also acute. Its main feature is maximum mobilization of the child’s body. The child is constantly excited and tense; it is not surprising that parents and teachers note tearfulness, nervousness, capriciousness and even hysteria.

In addition to psychological changes, physiological changes can also be detected. In some cases, there is an increase or decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Increased susceptibility to infections.

The second phase is called moderately acute, since the severity of negative reactions decreases, and the child adapts to the changed conditions. There is a decrease in the baby’s excitability and nervousness, improved appetite, sleep, and normalization of the psycho-emotional sphere.

However, it is not yet possible to talk about complete stabilization of the condition. Throughout this period, negative emotions may return, and undesirable reactions may appear in the form of hysterics, tearfulness, or reluctance to part with parents.

The third stage is compensated – stabilizes the child’s condition. In the final adaptation period, complete restoration of psychophysiological reactions occurs, and the child successfully joins the team. Moreover, he can acquire new skills - for example, using a potty or dressing himself.

How to adapt a child to kindergarten? 6 useful skills for a kindergartener

In order for the process of adaptation to be as successful as possible, quickly and painlessly, experts advise instilling the most important skills in the future preschooler in advance. That is why parents should know what it is advisable to teach a child going to a preschool educational institution.

Dress and undress independently. Ideally, three-year-olds should already take off their swimming trunks, socks, tights, and put on a T-shirt and blouse or jacket. There may be difficulties with fasteners, but you should still get used to them. To do this, you can buy lacing toys. In addition, hang pictures in the room with the dressing sequence (they can be downloaded for free on the Internet).
Use a spoon/fork. The ability to use cutlery makes it easier to get used to. To do this, you need to give up sippy cups, bottles, sippy cups, which do not contribute to rapid growth.
Ask and go to the potty. You should get rid of diapers already at the age of one and a half years, especially since the ability to ask and go to bed will significantly simplify adaptation, since the child will feel more confident among skilled peers.
Accept different foods. Many three-year-olds are characterized by selectivity in food. Ideally, parents should bring the home menu closer to the kindergarten menu. Then breakfasts and lunches at preschool educational institutions will not resemble a war between children and teachers.
Communicate with adults. Quite often you can hear a child’s peculiar speech, which only the mother can understand. Some kids generally communicate with gestures, rightly believing that their parents will understand everything. Before kindergarten, you should monitor the decrease in babbling words and gestures.
Play with children. To improve a child’s communication skills, it is necessary to include him in the children’s group more often. Psychologists advise regularly visiting families with small children, walking on playgrounds, and playing in the sandbox.

In nurseries and kindergartens there are special adaptation groups for future preschoolers. Be sure to find out if such a service is available at your preschool educational institution. Visiting such groups will allow your child to become acquainted with the teachers, the building itself, and new rules of behavior.

Recommendations for parents on how to adapt their children often include advice to talk more with their child about preschool. But how to do this correctly and what should you talk about with your baby to make future adaptation easier?

Explain in as simple a language as possible what a kindergarten is, why children go there, and why it is so important to attend it. The simplest example: “A kindergarten is a big house for kids who eat, play and walk together while their parents work.”
Tell your child that kindergarten is a kind of work for children. That is, mom works as a teacher, doctor, manager, dad works as a military man, programmer, etc., and the baby will “work” as a preschooler, because he has become quite an adult.
Every time you pass by the kindergarten, do not forget to remind that after a while the child will also be able to come here and play with other children. In his presence, you can also tell your interlocutors how proud you are of your newly-made preschooler.
Talk about the daycare routine to relieve fears and uncertainty. The child may not remember everything due to his age, but he will know that after breakfast there will be games, then walks and a short nap.
Don’t forget to talk about who your child can turn to if he suddenly needs water or needs to go to the toilet. In addition, gently clarify that not all requests will be fulfilled instantly, since it is important for educators to keep track of all children at once.
Share your story of attending preschool. Surely you have photographs from matinees, where you recite poems, play with dolls, go home from kindergarten with your parents, etc. A parent's example allows the child to quickly get used to kindergarten.

There is no need to over-praise kindergarten, painting it in completely rosy colors, otherwise the child will be disappointed in the teacher and classmates. At the same time, you cannot scare him with a preschool institution and a teacher who will “show him how to behave well!” Try to maintain a golden mean.

Classes for children to prepare for kindergarten

Role-playing games and listening to fairy tales are favorite pastimes for young children. Therefore, advice from a psychologist often includes items such as activities and fairy tales for successful adaptation to kindergarten. The purpose of such games is to familiarize the child with the regime and rules of kindergarten in a relaxed manner.

Enlist the “support” of children’s toys – dolls, teddy bears. Let your favorite plastic friend become a teacher, and the teddy bear and robot become kindergarteners who are just attending preschool.

Moreover, classes should be repeated almost the entire day of the future preschooler. That is, the teddy bear came to the kindergarten, said hello to the aunt-teacher, kissed mommy goodbye and began to play with the other children. Then he had breakfast and began to study.

If a child has difficulty parting with his mother, special emphasis should be placed on this particular moment. To do this, it is better to use special fairy tales for quick adaptation in kindergarten, in which, for example, a kitten stops crying after the mother leaves and begins to play happily with other animals.

Another opportunity to make adaptation to kindergarten easier is to use available tools: presentations, cartoons and a collection of poems about kindergarten. Such useful innovative materials adapt children no worse, and sometimes better, than ordinary stories.

Usually, by the age of three, children quite easily let go of their mothers and other significant adults, since, as we have already noted, at this stage there is a natural desire to be independent, independent of their parents.

And yet there are situations when the baby and mother turn into almost a single organism. Because of this, a child’s adaptation in kindergarten can become significantly more difficult, and the likelihood of complete maladaptation also increases.

Ideally, it is necessary to accustom the baby to parental absence consistently and in advance. And yet, it is possible to reduce the psycho-emotional dependence of children on their mother in a short time. Let's consider basic advice to parents from experienced specialists.

Necessary actions

Try to involve the father and other close relatives in interaction with the child. The more the baby has contact with other adults (and not just the mother), the easier it will be for him to get used to the teacher.
After this, introduce your child to your friends. At first, they play with the baby in the presence of his parents, so that he can feel calm around unfamiliar adults. With an adapted child, it will be easier to leave.
The next stage is going outside. You need to explain to the baby that mom will go to the store while grandma or an aunt she knows tells an interesting fairy tale. In this case, you do not need to ask the child for time off, just let him know.
Consistently teach your child the idea that he needs to be alone in the room. You can prepare lunch while your child plays in the nursery. These rules can then be applied during exercise in the sandbox or on a walk.
Do not call your child shy, beech, roaring, crybaby, ponytail and other unpleasant words. On the contrary, tell him and others as often as possible how communicative, sociable and cheerful he is.

Unnecessary actions

You cannot run away from your child in secret, even if at that moment he is sitting with his grandmother. Having discovered that his mother is missing, he, firstly, will be seriously frightened, and secondly, he will begin to cry and scream the next time his parents try to leave.
It is not recommended to leave a child alone in an apartment, especially if he is characterized by increased anxiety and restlessness. In addition, even in a few minutes, small children are able to find “adventures” even in the safest home.
You should not reward your child with treats and toys because he allows you to go away. If this is practiced, then the child will demand financial rewards literally every day even in kindergarten.

You can come up with some rituals that make breaking up easier. Just don’t turn them into a full-fledged ritual, more reminiscent of a celebration or holiday. This could be a regular kiss, a mutual smile or a handshake.

Attending a preschool institution is the most important condition for the full development of a child. How to make this period easier? You can listen to the opinions of famous experts - teachers, psychologists and pediatricians. Komarovsky talks a lot and often about the features of successful adaptation to kindergarten. Let's find out the main recommendations of the popular TV doctor:

start visiting kindergarten at a time when the mother has not yet gone to work. If a child suddenly catches a cold, the parent will be able to pick him up from the preschool educational institution and stay at home with him for one or two weeks;
It is best to adapt children to kindergarten in certain seasons - summer and winter. But the off-season is not the best period to start visiting kindergarten, since the likelihood of catching a cold increases;
Information about how adaptation takes place in a particular kindergarten will not be superfluous. Perhaps caregivers practice force-feeding or over-bundle babies on walks.

In order for accelerated adaptation to occur in kindergarten, Komarovsky advises adhering to some important recommendations:

reduce the requirements for the child in the initial stages of getting used to the preschool institution. Even if he behaves badly, you need to show leniency;
Be sure to prepare your child to expand social contacts through more frequent and longer walks and games in the sandbox.
Be sure to improve your immunity. If the body’s defense system improves, the child will get sick less, therefore, the addiction will go much faster.

The teledoctor does not exclude the occurrence of certain problems in the process of adaptation, however, one should not refuse the opportunity to accustom a child to kindergarten at 4 years old. It is best to take a responsible approach to the adaptation period and support the baby in every possible way.

So, the baby has already started going to preschool, but you simply shouldn’t wait for the end of the habituation. Successful adaptation of a child in kindergarten, advice on which is given by psychologists and doctors, lies in the active position of parents. How can you help your child?

You should not immediately send your child away for the whole day. It is best to make a gradual transition from the usual regime to changed conditions, that is, send the baby first for a couple of hours, and only then increase the length of stay in kindergarten.
Be sure to show sincere interest in what your child did at the preschool. If he has molded, drawn, or glued something, you should praise him and put the craft on the shelf.
Study any information provided by the teacher or psychologist of the preschool institution. Usually the group sets up a folder called “Child Adaptation in Kindergarten.”
You should also communicate more often with teachers who regularly fill out an adaptation sheet, a special kindergarten visit form, and a psychologist fills out a card for each child in the nursery group.
Don’t worry too much if your child seems tired or haggard after kindergarten. Of course, strangers and new acquaintances are a serious stress for a child’s body. Let the baby rest and get some sleep.
In order for children to adapt quickly, it is necessary to limit increased emotional stress. Psychologists advise against attending mass entertainment; cartoons and viewing of various images, videos should also be limited.
If the baby has certain psycho-emotional or physiological characteristics (hyperactive behavior, health problems), the teaching and medical team must be informed about this.
Tears and hysterics are a “presentation” designed for mom. This is why experts advise fathers to accompany their child to kindergarten, since the stronger sex usually reacts more strictly to such manipulative behavior.

Provide your child with a calm family environment during the adaptation process. Express your affection to your new preschooler in every possible way: kiss, hug, etc.

Memo for parents: child adaptation in kindergarten and basic mistakes

So, the basic rules for improving children’s adaptation to preschool have been described. However, none of the parents is immune from erroneous actions. That is why it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the most common misconceptions:

comparison with other kids. We all adapt differently. That’s why you shouldn’t compare your child with his peers, who get used to the children’s team and teacher much faster;
deception. There is no need to promise your child that you will pick him up in an hour if you plan to return only in the evening. Such parental promises will lead to the baby feeling betrayed;
punishment by kindergarten. You should not punish a child with a longer stay in a preschool institution if he is used to being in a preschool institution for only a few hours. This will only lead to increased dislike for the kindergarten;
“bribe” with sweets and toys. Some mothers and fathers bribe their children to behave well in preschool. As a result, the child will further blackmail adults, demanding gifts from them every day;
sending a sick child to kindergarten. During the adaptation period, any cold can unsettle a child for a long time, so if you feel unwell, you should not take your preschooler to kindergarten, otherwise there is a risk of increasing the symptoms of the disease.

Another common parental mistake is the disappearance of the mother, who does not want to distract the child from toys or children. Such behavior, as we have already said, will only lead to increased anxiety in the baby and numerous fears. Increased hysterics are possible.

As a conclusion

Kindergarten and adaptation are often inseparable concepts, so one should not perceive adaptation to a preschool educational institution as some kind of absolute evil and negative. On the contrary, such a process is quite useful for the child, since it prepares him for future changes in life - school, college, family relationships.

Usually the baby gets used to kindergarten in a couple of months. But if the child’s condition does not stabilize over time and new psychological problems arise (aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity), you should definitely talk to a psychologist about maladjustment.

If the problem is not resolved, it may be worth considering visiting kindergarten later. Can a grandmother babysit for a few months? This will probably be the best way out of this situation. Good luck adapting to kindergarten!

In this article:

Moving or changing your place of residence always entails stress. It is especially pronounced in young children who do not yet understand all the reasons for moving. In the new kindergarten everything is different, different.

Children are not immediately accepted into the company, the teacher behaves differently. In short, the child was taken from the familiar world and placed in another, completely alien one. Adaptation will begin again, but now there is a greater chance that it will take place without any problems. It all depends on the level of psychological development of the child.

Now it’s especially difficult for him, so parents should pay a lot of attention to the baby. In the new kindergarten you need to make friends with everyone, find a common language. With your help, it will be much easier for your child to cope with this difficult task..

Transition from kindergarten to kindergarten

You have decided to move. Of course, this may be a very joyful, positive event. For example, a nice new apartment, a prestigious area. But a small child of preschool age (3-6 years old) still does not really understand what is happening. And you have already decided his fate: the baby is moving to a new kindergarten.

For children 2.5-3 years old this process can be
almost invisible. New faces and games appear, but the atmosphere remains virtually unchanged. In the new kindergarten everything is the same as in the old one. Well, this means that the adaptation is going very well.

For older children this can be a very painful process. It’s not even a matter of whether you like or dislike the kindergarten. They got used to their friends and formed strong relationships with them.. I loved the teacher, the nannies, and the kindergarten. And now, without explanation, I had to leave all this behind. For children 4-5 years old, changing places can be quite difficult. Parents need to approach their child's problems seriously.

When you first took your baby to kindergarten, you were already faced with initial adaptation. Change of lifestyle, regime,
food... Everything has changed very dramatically. The first few weeks were difficult for the child and his parents. Perhaps he did not understand what he was doing in kindergarten.

There is nothing obvious for the child that he is now an “adult”, it’s time to go to kindergarten. He often asks questions: why can’t he stay at home? Over time, complete adaptation occurs (in most cases). The baby is getting used to it, he even likes a lot of things in the kindergarten: lessons, creativity, games, walks, friends have appeared.

Everything looks like the problems are over. And then suddenly you have to change kindergarten. This is how it turns out, because taking a baby across the city to the old garden will not work. Ordinary life is turned upside down again.

It is much easier for adults to accept change: they are psychologically ready for it. They understand the need and appreciate the benefits of changing places. Of course, it’s always a pity to leave a job we love, a familiar team, but clear career growth and salary increases beckon us to move to another place. For a small child all this is completely unfamiliar. He is again undergoing adaptation, only now not to the kindergarten, but to the place.

New friends

In your first kindergarten, all the children came to the group at the same time. This meant it was easier to make friends. They were united by common interests, they met each other at the same time. Now, it turns out, the situation is different: the team has already been formed, and the child must join it. The younger the child, the easier it is for him
adaptation in the team is taking place. Children simply offer to be friends and start playing together.

If the new kindergarten already has its own groups of friends, the children have been communicating for a long time, then often they have to “win” their place in the new team. This moment depends on the child’s mental development and readiness for social life. The first kindergarten was supposed to teach him how to meet people, communicate, and build friendships. If the initial adaptation went without problems, then there should be no difficulties here either.

Get used to the teacher

Nobody said that the new teacher would be worse. Sometimes she, on the contrary, is younger, more active, and spends more time with the children. It should be easier for a child to get used to a new adult, because the teacher usually meets the new person halfway. Helps to integrate into the team, arranges for children to meet a newcomer. Although attachment to your first teacher will always provoke comparison.

There's a dangerous one here
a moment that needs to be monitored not only by the teacher, but also by the parents. In a new kindergarten, a child may refuse to obey the teacher. He motivates this by the fact that “in the old kindergarten the teacher was better.”

Parents should not encourage such behavior or attribute it to an adaptation period. It is important to make it clear that loving your past educator is good, correct, and normal. You can even visit your old kindergarten several times and talk with the previous teacher. A qualified new teacher will, of course, be able to gain the child's trust over time.

But the new teacher must have authority with the child. The formation of a respectful attitude towards adults and an understanding of the role of a teacher comes precisely from childhood.

There is no point in demanding respect for the teacher at school from a child who has not been taught this in advance..

By the way, this is another reason to take your baby to kindergarten and not leave him at home with his parents.

Parental help

Without the help of parents it is very difficult to adapt to a new kindergarten. Perhaps the child has never experienced such a situation as a change of place. We need to help him
cope with your problems and experiences. You can answer many of your child’s questions, but the main thing is to prepare him for the transition to a new kindergarten. So that this does not happen suddenly, unexpectedly. Of course, if you have enough time, start these conversations 2-3 months before the move.

The baby is still small, but already understands a lot. Of course, it’s difficult to immediately understand all the intricacies of adult life. Explain that he will “learn” in the new kindergarten, but this is not a punishment. This is a necessity. Tell us about what awaits him:

a new apartment and his personal room;
There is an interesting park/museum/children's activities nearby;
so closer to the house of the grandmother/other relatives;
etc.

Be sure to talk about the positive prospects of the move. In any case, they are there. Even if you are leaving the city, away from the usual amenities, invite him to take more walks in the forest and pick mushrooms together in the fall. This way, moving won’t seem like such a scary event to him.. Especially if you prepare for it in advance.

About the new kindergarten
be sure to tell me too. It will be better if you visit him several times together. If you go to talk with the director or teacher, ask permission to take the child with you. This way he can walk around the kindergarten in a calm atmosphere, look at the rooms and toys.

Thus, adaptation will begin several months before entering a new kindergarten. This place will no longer seem somehow scary, distant, unfamiliar. If you see the kindergarten and meet the teacher in advance, everything will seem easier. The baby will be confident in himself when the day comes to go there no longer on an excursion.

Answer questions honestly

As soon as you say that you will now need to go to another kindergarten, a lot of questions will arise.. It is important for your child to be able to talk to you honestly. Tell him the reasons (or at least part of the reasons) why he needs to change kindergarten, house, place of residence. Say that you are also a little scared/worried about this. The questions may be different, but try to answer them honestly. This is your support. She can calm the child.

Give me some time

You may not like it at first in a new kindergarten. Be prepared for this. The kid has not yet forgotten how fun it was with his friends, what games they had and entertainment. Now the group may not accept it at first. There is no point in scolding other children for this.. Your baby must demonstrate his communication skills. Parents need to be patient. The new adaptation will begin immediately and can proceed in the same way as the first. Crying, reluctance to go to kindergarten, requests to take him home, return him to the old kindergarten...

The main thing is to treat this situation wisely. Children's problems seem incredibly important and serious to the children themselves. Parents may be annoyed by this behavior. Give your child some time to complete this test. Repeated adaptation can last 1-2 weeks - for sociable children everything will go faster.

Apply some psychological techniques to make this period easier:

Try to pick up your baby earlier for the first few days in the new kindergarten, before nap time.
Gradually increase the time the child stays in the new place. First, only the first half of the day, then a walk, lunch, sleep. So, gradually, it will be easier to get used to.
Come pick up, but stay for 10-15 minutes to talk with the teacher. Observe the baby and how he behaves.

The main thing is to be patient and get into the baby’s position. Now it would be wrong to take him out of the garden on demand or because of a scandal. This way you are only giving him the opportunity to manipulate you. Children can't get used to this.

Don't scold me for crying

Now you need to support your baby, help him in every possible way. Tears mean that the psyche is fighting stress through its defense mechanisms. The child may be scared, sad, and incomprehensible. The best thing you can do is support, talk, advise. But don't scold.

Now parents are the most important people. If you can’t come to them with your problem or experience, then who can you go to? There may be problems in a new kindergarten, so be ready to listen and help, even if the problem seems minor. Then you can build a trusting relationship with your child.

Changing a place of study is stressful in most cases; the adaptation period can take about two months, and sometimes more. Therefore, during this difficult psycho-emotional period, parental support is important.

The most important thing that parents can do during the period of adaptation of schoolchildren is to give the child a feeling of confidence that the parents are ready to support him, and that he can turn to them with any question if he has difficulties,” notes the methodologist-psychologist of the LANIT Group Education" Olga Bogaenko.

Provide as much information as possible

The most scary and exciting thing is, as a rule, the unknown. Therefore, the more information about a new place, the better. When a specialist gets a new job, he tries to learn more about the company in which he will work. By the same principle, parents choose a school for their child, trying to find out what the program is there, whether the teachers are good, and what they feed in the cafeteria.

“A feeling of anxiety appears when there is a lot of unknown information. To reduce this anxiety, it is important for the child to receive practical information about the new school: what it looks like, how many lessons there will be every day, etc. You can take a tour of the school grounds and familiarize yourself with the school’s website. Help your child understand school rules and responsibilities: why each of them is needed and why it is important to follow them,” advises Bogaenko.

My home is my castle

“Weather in the house,” oddly enough, is also very important; psychological comfort in the family will help you survive the adaptation period in a new school. During a difficult period of adaptation to school, a child needs increased attention - the parent must become a true friend, because the child will not immediately make friends at the new school, says Polina Leonova, a teacher-psychologist who works with preschoolers at the Aristotle Educational Center.

“No matter how strictly teachers treat a child, he should receive support at home and be able to relax and unwind. Parents need to communicate a lot with the child, take an interest in the problems, conflicts and difficulties of their child, and look together for ways to solve them,” says the specialist.

She calls not to put pressure and not to demand quick success from the child in a new school. In addition, it is important not to compare him with other children, but the child should be correctly and adequately praised for his personal obvious successes.

“It is more difficult for a child to adapt to a new school if this event is associated with changes, such as moving to another city, parental divorce, or the death of a loved one. It is necessary to support the child in the desire to communicate with old friends, invite a friend to visit or communicate via the Internet,” added Bogaenko.

Play school

In fact, sending off to school, which is often held in older groups of kindergartens, is a pretty good idea. Koneeva recommends having a conversation with the child about the fact that studying at school is a very important stage in the life of every person, and the choice of profession will depend on what knowledge he receives. You can also play the game “School” with your child, in which he must play the role of a teacher and a student.

This “game” may also be relevant for teenagers, who often have difficulty “recognizing” in a new team. Psychologists suggest playing out and discussing various situations that may arise in the classroom so that the child does not have a fear of social contacts.

Well, if a child is afraid and does not want to go to a new school, parents need to understand what his fears are connected with: fear of being rejected by the class, fear of new teachers, shyness and difficulties in establishing contact with peers.

“In order to minimize such anxieties, you can play out in advance with your child various situations that may await him on the first day. Discuss with your child how he can make connections, what to say and how to respond. Tell us about your experience of joining a new team, about the fears and worries you experienced, and how you yourself dealt with this situation,” advises Bogaenko.

Create a positive attitude

Positive memories of school told by parents will help relieve stress; you can arrange a small celebration on the eve of September 1, or even give your child something symbolic for good luck.

“It is very important not to infect your child with your anxiety before school. Remember, the parent’s jitters are subconsciously captured and transmitted, especially to the baby. Tell your child only positive things about school, fill him with joy and bright memories,” Leonova is sure.

After your first visit to school, you should definitely ask your child about how his first day was, who he made friends with, what good things happened to him. Experts also recommend that parents participate in school life, take an interest in what is happening at school, and communicate with teachers.

“Help your child get ready for school the day before so that there are no awkward moments due to forgotten things. On the first day, wake up your child early so that he has enough time to wash himself, get dressed, and have breakfast in peace. Do not dress your child too brightly or unusually, as he will attract too much attention to himself. You can find out in advance which form of clothing is most popular in the new class,” notes Bogaenko.

Provide informal communication outside of school

Leonova is sure that parents should also stimulate the student’s hobbies. Additional activities, clubs and sections will help cope with longing for the old school and attract the child’s attention to the new one.

“It will be especially great if such additional classes take place in the new school itself; this will also help to quickly integrate into the new team and not become a black sheep,” she clarified.

In addition, it is important to encourage the child to communicate with peers. For example, you can organize an informal event outside of school with classmates: tea at home, a trip to the cinema, an excursion. In such conditions it will be easier to make friends and feel more confident in the team.

Diana Berseneva
Adaptation of the child to new social conditions

Adaptation of the child to new social conditions

Adaptation of the child to new social conditions It is sometimes very painful. When he first comes to kindergarten, a serious restructuring of all his relationships with people occurs, a breakdown of the usual forms of life. This sudden change conditions existence may be accompanied by difficult experiences, a decrease in speech and play activity, and often affects the child’s health.

Unusual for a child who has not attended childcare All: absence of loved ones, presence of unfamiliar adults, large number of children, new daily routine, etc.. n. The treatment of children by staff is also very different from what they are used to at home. The new environment throws the child off balance and often causes violent reactions in him.

An analysis of the behavior of children in the first days of their stay in a children's institution shows that this process of adaptation, i.e. adaptation to new social conditions It is not always easy and quick for all children. Many children have a process adaptation is accompanied by a number of, albeit temporary, but serious disturbances in behavior and general condition. To such violations include:

Appetite disturbance (refusal to eat or malnutrition)

Sleep disturbance (children cannot fall asleep, sleep is short-term, intermittent)

Emotional state changes (children cry a lot and get irritated).

Sometimes it is possible to note deeper disorders:

Increased body temperature

Changes in bowel habits

Violation of some acquired skills ( child stops asking to go to the potty, his speech is slowed down, etc.)

Duration of adaptation to new social conditions, as well as the nature of children’s behavior in the first days of their stay in a child care institution depend on individual characteristics. Children of the same age behave differently differently: some cry on the first day, refuse to eat or sleep, respond to every suggestion from an adult with a violent protest, but the next day they watch the children’s play with interest, eat well and go to bed calmly; others, on the contrary, on the first day are outwardly calm, somewhat inhibited, fulfill the demands of the teachers without objection, and the next day they part with their mother crying, eat poorly in the following days, do not take part in the game, and begin to feel good only after 6- 8 days or even later.

Below is information that parents and educators can follow to: adaptive the period is easier and painless. So what should parents know? educators:

1. The more often child will communicate with adults, children in the apartment, in the yard, on the playground, near the house, i.e. in different environments, the faster and more confidently he will be able to transfer the acquired skills and abilities to the kindergarten setting.

2. An informal visit to the kindergarten, i.e. walks around the territory and an accompanying story about the kindergarten, and the story should be very colorful and, undoubtedly, positive. Try to show in your story to kid how fun and good it is for other children in kindergarten.

3. Since every person admitted child requires a careful individual approach, then children should be admitted gradually, 2-3 people at a time, with short breaks (2-3 days).

4. In the first days child should stay in the group for no more than 2-3 hours.

5. For the first visits, it is recommended to set aside hours for walking (where conditions resemble those of a home yard, games: here it is easier for the child to get his bearings, easier to get to know the teacher and other children. This also allows you to quickly identify a behavior group child, outline the right approach and relieve emotional stress from the first contacts.

6. Parents usually focus their attention on the child’s timely arrival at kindergarten, forgetting that at the same time children witness tears and negative emotions of other children when parting with their parents. There is no need to explain how this affects their mood. Parents should be advised to bring newcomers later not only for a morning walk, but also for an evening walk, when you can draw the child’s attention to how the parents come to pick up their children, how they joyfully meet, how they take the children home, how the children say goodbye to each other. This will help children cope with separation more calmly in the morning, and get used to the fact that a short daily separation does not mean a breakup or rejection from home.

7. Establishing emotional contact child and the teacher should be carried out in a familiar environment in the presence of a loved one. On the first day, a short acquaintance with the teacher, aimed at developing interest in kindergarten, establishing contact between as a child and a teacher in a new situation.

8. Group excursions, in which the teacher, parents and child. Parents can be invited to join the group together with child: the presence of a loved one in the group, even if only temporarily, gives the child the opportunity to calmly navigate new conditions. Support, warmth, confidence that the mother is nearby (playing with the children or just looking at toys with them, helping them get comfortable in a new environment, establish relationships with teachers and peers.

9. Getting used to new conditions an important role is played by the opportunity to make the atmosphere more "home": Bring your own toys, familiar and familiar objects with you - all this creates a background of confidence for the child and provides psychological comfort. A favorite, familiar toy captures the child’s attention and helps him take his mind off separation from loved ones.

10. If a beginner manages to experience at least once, at least in a small way, the joy of success, become confident in obtaining some result and feel needed in the group - then the child will be open and prepared for further life in kindergarten.

11. If a child is lost and clings to his mother, there is no need to insist that he immediately approach the stranger person: Let him get used to it a little. It is better to find an opportunity to talk together (with the participation of the mother), look at some toy, watch other children play.

12. Negative effect on the course adaptation, as well as the behavior of children upon admission to a child care institution is influenced by the lack of unity of the education system in the family and in the child care institution.

NECESSARY:

Before admission, find out the regime used in the family, the individual characteristics of the applicant child(questionnaire).

In the first days, do not disturb the existing child's habits, you need to gradually change the regime and accustom child to a new way of life.

Zoom home conditions to the characteristics of children garden: introduce elements of the regime, exercise child in independence so that he can serve himself, etc.

It happens that parents face difficulties at the beginning of the school year due to the transfer of their child to another school. It is always scary for a child to join a new team. It is worth noting that in such a situation, not only children, but also adults show uncertainty. For example, when moving to a foreign city or changing jobs, we may also be afraid of ending up in a company where “new people” are poorly received. What then can we say about a child who is required not only to join such a company, but also to try to make friends with peers.

How quickly your student gets used to his new environment mainly depends on his character. Thus, children who easily make contact with their peers are more likely to make new friends. Changing schools is not a tragedy for them at all, because the very process of gaining trust and communication brings them pleasure. Adaptation of a child to a new school will be more difficult if he is characterized by increased anxiety and excessive emotionality. If this happens, how can you help your daughter or son cope with the inevitable tension that arises when changing teams? This is exactly what this article will discuss.

Which children especially need help when transferring to another school?

There are certain categories of children for whom changing educational institutions may not be an easy task. Often, difficulties of this nature may arise:

An uncommunicative and timid child, an introvert by nature, who finds it difficult to find a common language with strangers.
A child with disabilities.
A child with certain health problems, for example, astigmatism (crossed eyes) or stuttering.
A very excitable, hyperactive baby, who in a new environment can suffer a nervous breakdown.
A child who is very different in external characteristics from other children, for example, in skin color.

Transferring a child to another school is not easy and, of course, this is a serious problem that cannot be completely and instantly solved. However, by taking into account certain circumstances and taking certain measures, you can significantly soften this “blow” on the child’s psyche and help him quickly adapt to the new team. It is especially important not to let the process of changing schools take its course, especially if your child is of middle and primary school age. It is precisely in these classes that parents can and should take active action.

What might be the difficulty when transferring a child to another school?

Naturally, after studying at the same school for several years, children get used to it. And moving to another educational institution is associated with a number of problems. Every parent should pay attention to this. Your student immediately has many questions: “Will I like the teacher?”, “How will they accept me?”, “How to make friends with classmates if they already know each other?” It is clear that the child will compare the new school with the old one for some time. Therefore, adults are required to help create favorable conditions for the child’s adaptation to a new school.

Sometimes it happens that the level of training in a new school is much higher than that in the old educational institution. It turns out that the child is neither in terms of knowledge nor psychologically ready to begin the educational process. To avoid such situations, you can first agree with the teacher to prepare an answer or report on a specific issue. Try to create a successful situation together with the teacher. A child’s adjustment to a new school may take a long time because improper distribution of forces and lack of concentration interfere with his learning and over time can even become a permanent phenomenon.

Adaptation of a child to a new school - what should parents do?

There are several effective tips that you can follow to avoid many problems when changing educational institutions. So:

Don't avoid the topic of moving to a new school. It is very important to discuss this point in the family. Tell your child about all the advantages of another school, a new team, interest him, show him possible prospects.
Change schools after the holidays. Children's teachers and psychologists claim that during this period of time a child in a new school will feel best, since after the holidays all students have to adapt to the new rhythm of learning. This is the best moment so that your child does not stand out too much from others.
Visit a new school first. It will be great if you and your child come to see the class, get to know the teachers and, perhaps, introduce him to future classmates.
Assure your child of your support. Show your child that you are not worried about a change in team, but not because you are indifferent, but because you are completely confident in his success.
Help the student plan his day. If the daily routine is not followed, and the child at the new school is lethargic and sleepy, then he will not be able to take an active part in the lessons. If he fails to keep up with the overall pace of the class, he will lose confidence in his abilities and strengths.
Take an interest in school life: check notebooks, look in your diary, attend parent-teacher meetings. However, do not under any circumstances overestimate your requirements for your child, and in case of any failures, encourage him. Try to reward achievements and successes, even if they seem insignificant to you.
Don't forget about old friends. If possible, then let your child call up his former classmates more often and invite them to visit.

A child in a new school will feel more comfortable if he remains himself, tries to behave as naturally as possible, and does not have a complex in front of his peers. Therefore, parents need to reassure him, advise him to find a soul mate based on his hobbies, or simply become friends with his desk neighbor.